1. THE FUNGI
YEASTS AND MOLDS

4. THE STUDY OF FUNGI IS CALLED MYCOLOGY
DISTRIBUTION – 20o – 30oC
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
NUTRITION AND GROWTH
VAST MAJORITY ARE SAPROBES(SAPROPHYTIC)
ALL ARE CHEMOHETEROTROPHS – ABSORB NUTRIENTS THROUGH CELL WALL
PREFER AN ACID pH

5. MOST ARE OSMOTOLERANT
MOST ARE EITHER AEROBES OR FACULTATIVES
NUTRITIONAL NEEDS ARE MINIMAL
BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE FUNGI
TYPICALLY EUCARYOTIC
UNICELLULAR AND MULTICELLULAR (HYPHA)

6. UNICELLULAR YEASTS

7. FILAMENTOUS MOLDS

8. CELL WALLS: ALL FUNGI HAVE CELL WALLS
YEASTS – GLUCANS – GLUCOSE POLYMERS
MOLDS – CHITIN AND CELLULOSE
STRUCTURE OF YEASTS
STRUCTURE OF MOLDS
BASIC STRUCTURE OF A MOLD IS THE HYPHA

10. CLASSIFICATION OF THE FUNGI (PHYLA)
GROUPINGS BASED ON (1)HABITAT, (2)MORPHOLOGY AND (3)SEXUAL COMPLEXITY
1. ZYGOMYCOTA
2. ASCOMYCOTA
3. BASIDIOMYCOTA
4. DEUTEROMYCOTA

11. ZYGOMYCOTA
TERRESTRIAL /MAINLY MOLDS
REPRODUCES ASEXUALLY BY THE PRODUCTION OF A NON-MOTILE SPORE CALLED A SPORANGIOSPORE
REPRODUCE SEXUALLY BY THE PRODUCTION OF A THICK - WALLED ZYGOSPORE
RHIZOPUS sp. - NON SEPTATE

13. ASCOMYCOTA
TERRESTRIAL / YEASTS AND MOLDS
MOLDS:
REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY BY THE PRODUCTION OF A NON-MOTILE SPORE CALLED A CONIDIOSPORE (CONIDIUM)
REPRODUCE SEXUALLY BY THE PRODUCTION OF SEXUAL SPORES CALLED ASCOSPORES FORMED WITHIN A SAC CALLED AN ASCUS
PENICILLIUM sp. - MOLD – SEPTATE

15. ASPERGILLUS sp - MOLD - SEPTATE
SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE - YEAST
REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY BY BUDDING OR BINARY FISSION

17. REPRODUCE SEXUALLY BY THE PRODUCTION OF SEXUAL ASCOSPORES FORMED WITHIN A SAC CALLED AN ASCUS (OVERHEAD)

18. PLANT DISEASES CAUSED BY MEMBERS OF THE ASCOMYCOTA
POWDERY MILDEW OF ROSES
APPLE SCAB
PEACH LEAF CURL

19. ERGOT OF RYE – POTENT ALKALOIDS (ERGOTAMINE)
SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS
CONSTRICTION OF ARTERIES
HALLUCINATIONS
MYCOTOXINS
AFLATOXINS
BRAZILIAN PEANUT MEAL EXPORTED TO ENGLAND IN 1960
GRAINS STORED IN SILOS MONITORED

20. BASIDIOMYCOTA - MOSTLY MUSHROOMS
DEUTEROMYCOTA
YEASTS AND MOLDS/SEPTATE
TERRESTRIAL
NONE EXHIBIT A SEXUAL CYCLE
YEASTS REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY BY BUDDING ONLY
MOLDS REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY BY THE PRODUCTION OF CONIDIA

21. MORPHOLOGICALLY IDENTICAL TO MEMBERS OF THE ASCOMYCOTA

22. THE LICHENS
MUTUALISTIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A FUNGUS AND A PHOTOTROPHIC ORGANISM USUALLY CYANOBACTERIA OR AN ALGA

24. HUMAN FUNGAL INFECTIONS
MOST FUNGI ARE OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGENS
INFECTION IS RARE UNLESS SPECIAL SITUATIONS EXIST
WET WARM SPOT FOR EXTENDED TIME
IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PERSON
MASSIVE SPORE EXPOSURE
TWO GROUPS OF FUNGAL INFECTIONS
DERMATOMYCOSES
SYSTEMIC MYCOSES

25. DERMATOMYCOSES

26. THE DERMATOMYCOSES ARE CAUSED BY A GROUP OF MOLDS CALLED DERMATOPHYTES.
DIGGER THE DERMATOPHYTE (LAMISIL)
THE DERMATOPHYTES ARE ALL FOUND IN THE DEUTEROMYCOTA.

27. PRODUCE ENZYMES THAT DIGEST KERATIN
SUPERFICIAL INFECTIONS OF HAIR, NAILS AND SKIN
PRODUCE ENZYMES THAT DIGEST KERATIN
KERATIN IS A COMPONENT OF THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF OUR SKIN
MEDICAL NAMES USE TWO WORDS - TINEA FOLLOWED BY THE AFFECTED REGION
TINEA PEDIS, TINEA CRURIS, TINEA CAPITUS

28. DERMATOPHYTES BELONG TO THREE GENERA OF FUNGI
TRICHOPHYTON
MICROSPORIUM
EPIDERMOPHYTON
TREATMENT
GRISEOFULVIN OR NYSTATIN

30. SYSTEMIC MYCOSES
FOUND THROUGHOUT THE PHYLA
CAUSED BE YEASTS AND MOLDS
CAN INFECT DEEPER TISSUES THAN DERMATOPHYTES; KILL
INITIAL INFECTION THROUGH RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OR BREAK IN THE SKIN
MOST ARE DIMORPHIC
1. 37oC YEAST STAGE IN BODY
2. RT FILAMENTOUS STAGE ON LAB
MEDIA AND IN THE ENVIRONMENT

33. MOST ARE GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTRIBUTED DISEASES – MOLDS(6)
1. PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA CAUSED BY PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII (JIROVECI)
2. SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY FEVER CAUSED BY COCCIDIOIDES IMITIS
3. HISTOPLASMOSIS CAUSED BY HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM

34. PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA

35. SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY FEVER (COCCI)

36. HISTOPLASMOSIS

37. DISEASES - YEASTS 4. BLASTOMYCOSIS CAUSED BY BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDIS
5. MUCORMYCOSIS CAUSED BY MUCOR sp
6. ASPERGILLOSIS CAUSED BY ASPERGILLUS sp
DISEASES - YEASTS
1. CANDIDIASIS CAUSED BY CANDIDA sp

40. TREATMENT - AMPHOTERICIN B, KETOCONAZOLE, OR FLUCONAZOLE
2. CRYPTOCOCCOSIS CAUSED BY CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS
TREATMENT - AMPHOTERICIN B, KETOCONAZOLE, OR FLUCONAZOLE