1. Proctor Test (AASHTO T 99*, T 224 & T 272
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* Replacement Procedure is no longer applicable
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3. Figure 4: M-D Graph
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4. AASHTO T-99 – Methods A and C
Compact soil in mold in three equal lifts.
Each layer is compacted with a hammer that weighs 5.5 lbs with a free fall of 12 inches.
Each layer is compacted 25 times with the hammer.
When method B or D are required each layer is compacted 56 times with the hammer.
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5. Sample Preparation (AASHTO T 99)
Dry Sample below optimum moisture content.
% retained on No. 4 sieve (Method A or B)
% retained on ¾ inch sieve (Method C or D)
Used for determining rock correction factor.
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6. Proctor - Procedures Mix sample with water Compact specimen in mold
Remove extension collar and trim soil
Weigh mold and wet soil
Subtract mold weight and multiply by 30 cf
Remove soil and test for moisture content
Repeat four more times at greater moisture content
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7. Figure 3: Determine Moisture-Density Relationship
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8. Figure 4: M-D Graph
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9. Student Problem (J-3)
The Moisture/Density relationship of clay is pcf at 22.9% moisture. Calculate.
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10. Determining Percent Compaction/Moisture
Percent Compaction = (Measured Dry Density/Maximum Dry Density) * 100%
Percent Optimum Moisture Content = (Measured Moisture Content/Optimum Moisture Content)*100%
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11. Student Problem (J-3)
The Moisture/Density relationship of clay is pcf at 22.9% moisture. Calculate.
82.5%
92.7%
100.0%
100.3%
131.1%
84.2%
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12. Student Problem (J-5) Sample Preparation
The weight of the total sample in grams is The actual moisture of the soil is 2.0%. The desired moisture content to be achieved is 7.0%. Calculate the milliliters of water needed to obtain the desired moisture content?
One milliliter of water equals 1 gram
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13. Student Problem (J-5) Sample Preparation
Weight of sample (W) = 6356 grams
Actual moisture of soil (A) = 2.0%
Desired moisture content (OM) =7.0%
Calculate ml of water needed?
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14. Student Problem (J-5) D = OM - A D = 7.0 – 2.0 = 5.0
D= Difference in moisture content
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15. Student Problem (J-5) F = D/100 F = 5.0/100 = 0.05
F= Percent moisture factor
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16. Student Problem (J-5) Water needed = W x F 1 gram = 1 milliliter
Water needed = 6356 g x 0.05 = 317.8g
1 gram = 1 milliliter
317.8 g = ml
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17. Determining Moisture Content (w) From Lab Test
Moisture content is the ratio of weight of water in soil sample to weight of solid particles in a given soil sample.
w = (Ww /Ws) * 100%
Ww = Weight of Water
Ws = Weight of Solids
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18. Determining Moisture Content (w) From Lab Test
A = Weight of container and wet soil = 100 grams
B = Weight of container and dry soil = 75 grams
C = Weight of container = 20 grams
w = Moisture Content (%)
w = [(A-B)/(B-C)] x 100%
Weight of Water = A-B
Weight of Solids = B-C
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19. Determining Moisture Content (w) From Lab Test
w = [(A-B)/(B-C)] x 100% w = [(100-75)/(75-20)] x 100% w = [25/55] x 100% w = 45.4%
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20. Determining Moisture Content (w) From Lab Test
See AASHTO page T-99-10
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21. Determining Dry Density Proctor Test
Wet Density (W1) = Weight/Volume
Dry Density (W) = Dry Weight of Soil/Volume
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22. Determining Dry Density Example
Wet Weight of Soil in Mold = lbs
Weight of Mold = lbs
Volume of Mold = 1/30 cubic foot
Moisture Content of Sample (w) = 5.5%
Dry Density (W) = ? (pounds per cubic feet (pcf))
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23. Determining Dry Density Example
W = [W1/(w+100)] x 100
W = [136.2/( )] x 100
W = pcf
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24. Zero Air Voids Curve
Theoretical Maximum Dry Density (gzav) plotted against corresponding Moisture Content
gzav = gw /(w + 1/Gs)
gw = 62.4 pcf
Gs = 2.65
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26. Zero Air Voids Curve (Specific Gravity = 2.65) Moisture Content
Zero Air Voids Dens (pcf) 1%
161.09 2%
157.04 3%
153.18 4%
149.51 5%
146.01 6%
142.67 7%
139.49 8%
136.44 9%
133.52
10%
130.72
11%
128.04
12%
125.46
13%
122.99
14%
120.61
15%
118.33
16%
116.12
17%
114.00
18%
111.96
19%
109.98
20%
108.08
21%
106.24
22%
104.46
23%
102.74
24%
101.08
25%
99.46
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27. One Point Proctor/Family of Curves
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29. One Point Proctor/Family of Curves
Plot all proctors of likes soils on one graph
Draw curve connecting all of the points of maximum dry density/optimum moisture content.
Find point on each proctor that represents 80% of optimum moisture content.
Draw curve that connects 80% points.
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30. One Point Proctor/Family of Curves
Perform One Point Proctor (AASHTO T-272)
Plot point obtained for Dry Density and Moisture Content directly on Family of Curves plot.
This point must fall within band from 80% to 100% of optimum moisture content.
If not repeat one point proctor until meeting this requirement, then plot on Family of Curves.
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31. One Point Proctor/Family of Curves
Draw new proctor curve on Family of Curves that connects through the one point, making the complete curve essentially parallel to the adjacent curves.
New proctor curve can be used to determine percent compaction and percent optimum moisture for representative density test only.
If the one point proctor doesn’t yield accurate point/curve then a full proctor must be performed.
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