2. ecology ecosystem abiotic
biotic population habitat
producer photosynthesis autotroph
consumer cellular respiration heterotroph
primary consumer secondary consumer
tertiary consumer carnivore herbivore
omnivore detritivore scavenger
decomposer trophic level food chain
food web pyramid of energy
Pyramid of biomass

3. Abiotic (non-living) - physical environment
Ecology - study of the interactions of organisms with each other and their environment.
Scientists called ecologists study small areas of Earth called ecosystems.
An Ecosystem is made of 2 groups of things:
Abiotic (non-living) - physical environment
(water, sunlight, oxygen, soil, nutrients and temperature)
Biotic (living) - living organisms
(plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria)

4. Ecosystems contain populations of many different organisms.
Each population has a place where it lives – called its habitat.

5. Energy Flow ecosystem matter cycle input energy (solar energy)
energy lost
(heat energy)
ecosystem

6. Organisms that "make" food like this are also called Autotrophs.
All living things require energy to live - the source of that energy is the sun.
Producers (plants) use the sun’s energy to make organic compounds (food), this process is called photosynthesis:
CO H2O O2
sugar
C6H12O6
Organisms that "make" food like this are also called Autotrophs.

7. Consumers cannot make food, they must eat.
Breaking down food to release the stored energy for use is called cellular respiration:
C6H12O6
+ O CO H2O
sugar
Organisms that use cellular respiration to get energy are called Heterotrophs.

8. Food Chains and Food Webs

9. Secondary consumers feed on primary consumers,
Primary consumers (herbivores) feed directly on producers. (moose, cattle, grasshoppers, rabbits)
Secondary consumers feed on primary consumers,
Tertiary consumers feed on secondary consumers.
High-level consumers are usually carnivores
Omnivores feed on both producers and consumers.
(meat-eaters)

10. Food chain – shows the relationship of feeding and energy transfer in organisms of an ecosystem.
Many food chains become connected in a complex relationship known as a food web.

11. Each step in a food chain is known as a trophic level.
1st trophic level
producer
3rd trophic level
secondary consumer
primary consumer
tertiary consumer
2nd trophic level
4th trophic level
Each step in a food chain is known as a trophic level.

12. Cycling of Matter
nutrients
decomposing bodies
molecules
bacteria

13. Scavengers - carnivores that feed on dead animals.
Detritivore - eats dead plant and animal remains and convert them into substances that can be reused.
They are the recyclers of the ecosystem.
There are two types:
Scavengers - carnivores that feed on dead animals.
(vultures, hyenas, seagulls and ravens)
Decomposers - Bacteria and fungi (mushrooms, mold)

14. Ecological Pyramids

15. Pyramid of biomass - shows the total amount (mass) of living material at each trophic level.

16. Only 10% of the energy received from food is stored in the body – 90% is used to run your organs.
Pyramid of energy - the total amount of energy at each level in an ecosystem.

17. ecology ecosystem abiotic
biotic population habitat
producer photosynthesis autotroph
consumer cellular respiration heterotroph
primary consumer secondary consumer
tertiary consumer carnivore herbivore
omnivore detritivore scavenger
decomposer trophic level food chain
food web pyramid of energy
Pyramid of biomass