1. IS 4420 Database Fundamentals Leon Chen

2. 2 Agenda About yourself About yourself  Name  Major About the instructor About the instructor Syllabus Syllabus Chapter 1 Chapter 1

3. IS 4420 Database Fundamentals Chapter 1: The Database Environment Leon Chen

4. 4 Overview Database environment and Client/Server architecture Database environment and Client/Server architecture Database, data, information, and metadata Database, data, information, and metadata Evolution of database systems Evolution of database systems Advantages of databases Advantages of databases Costs and risks of databases Costs and risks of databases Categories of databases Categories of databases Components of database environment Components of database environment

5. 5 Figure 1-11 Components of the database environment DataMetadata

6. 6 Figure 2-11 Three-tiered client/server database architecture

7. 7 Definitions Database - organized collection of logically related data Database - organized collection of logically related data Data - stored representations of meaningful objects and events Data - stored representations of meaningful objects and events  Structured: numbers, text, dates  Unstructured: images, video, documents Information: data processed to increase knowledge of the user Information: data processed to increase knowledge of the user Metadata: data that describes the properties and context of user data (data about data) Metadata: data that describes the properties and context of user data (data about data)

8. 8 Figure 1-1a Converting data to information - data in context

9. 9 Graphical displays turn data into useful information that managers can use for decision making and interpretation

10. 10Metadata Data that describes the properties and context of user data (data about data) Data that describes the properties and context of user data (data about data)

11. 11 Evolution of Database Systems Flat files (not database) - 1960s - 1980s Flat files (not database) - 1960s - 1980s Hierarchical – 1970s - 1990s Hierarchical – 1970s - 1990s Network – 1970s - 1990s Network – 1970s - 1990s Relational – 1980s - present Relational – 1980s - present Object-oriented – 1990s - present Object-oriented – 1990s - present Object-relational – 1990s - present Object-relational – 1990s - present Data warehousing – 1980s - present Data warehousing – 1980s - present Web-enabled – 1990s - present Web-enabled – 1990s - present

12. 12 DATABASE Approach Central repository of shared data Central repository of shared data Stored in a standardized, convenient form Stored in a standardized, convenient form Requires a Database Management System (DBMS) Requires a Database Management System (DBMS)   A software system that is used to create, maintain, and provide controlled access to user databases

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17. 17 Figure 1-11 Components of the database environment

18. 18 Components of the Database Environment CASE Tools – computer-aided software engineering CASE Tools – computer-aided software engineering Repository – centralized storehouse of metadata Repository – centralized storehouse of metadata Database Management System (DBMS) – software for managing the database Database Management System (DBMS) – software for managing the database Database – storehouse of the data Database – storehouse of the data Application Programs – software using the data Application Programs – software using the data User Interface – text and graphical displays to users User Interface – text and graphical displays to users Data Administrators – personnel responsible for maintaining the database Data Administrators – personnel responsible for maintaining the database System Developers – personnel responsible for designing databases and software System Developers – personnel responsible for designing databases and software End Users – people who use the applications and databases End Users – people who use the applications and databases

19. 19 Match terms and definitions 1. Data 2. Database application 3. Repository 4. Metadata 5. Information 6. DBMS 7. Database 8. ERP 9. Enterprise data model a. Data placed in context or summarized b. Application program c. Facts, text, graphics, etc. d. A graphical model about an organization e. Organized collection of related data f. Data definitions and constraints g. Centralized storehouse for all data definitions h. An integrated enterprise level MIS i. A software application to create, maintain and control a database