1. Civil Rights Movement

2. Emmitt Till Story

5. Brown v. B.O.E. Intro

6. Brown v. Board of Education
1951, Oliver Brown sued Topeka Kansas BOE to allow his 8 year old daughter Linda to attend a nearby school for whites only

7. Linda Brown
Parents were upset that she could not attend the all white school nearby
Forced to walk over a mile away to the black school
Wanted to challenge the “separate but equal” decision

9. Supreme Court
May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court issued its historic ruling
Declared “Separate but Equal” unconstitutional

10. Deliberate Speed
Made all public schools desegregate “with all deliberate speed”
Meant that Southern schools did not have to desegregate immediately

11. Reaction Eisenhower privately disagreed
“The Supreme Court has spoken and I am sworn to uphold the constitutional processes in this country and I am trying. I will obey.”
Wasn’t racist, just did not think the country was ready for this yet; Believed in states’ rights

12. Southern Manifesto
Georgia governor Herman Talmadge made it clear that his state would not tolerate race mixing
Southern Manifesto Southern congressmen and senators who resisted this change

13. First Crisis Little Rock, Arkansas in September 1957
Arkansas governor Orval Faubus declared that he could not keep order if he had to enforce integration

14. Little Rock 9 Intro

15. Little Rock 9
Faubus had AR national guard troops at Central High School and instructed them to turn away the 9 little rock students who were set to attend

16. Little Rock 9 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HH-eC4LgZT4
Eisenhower could no longer avoid the issue
Eisenhower place the national guard under federal command

17. Faubus Backs Down
Under intense national pressure, Faubus withdrew the national Guard from the school
Students made it through two hours of class before a mob forced the police to sneak them out

19. Montgomery Bus Boycott
December 1955
Rosa Parks took a seat in the middle section of a bus, where both African Americans and whites were allowed to sit

20. Arrested
Blacks were expected to give up their seat for white passengers if no other seats remained
Bus driver ordered Parks to give up her seat
She refused; at the next stop police arrested her

22. Bus Boycott The idea of a boycott was proposed
Thought if they didn’t give the bus company business, then it would be forced to change its policy

23. Martin Luther King Jr

24. MLK
26 yrs old
Minister at Baptist Church where first boycott meeting was held
over the next year, 50,000 blacks walked, rode bicycles, or joined car pools to avoid the buses

26. Supreme Court Decision
In 1956, the United States Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional

27. SCLC The Montgomery Bus Boycott make MLK famous
His next move was to form the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Advocated the practice of nonviolent protest, peaceful way of protesting against restrictive racial policies

28. Woolworth’s Sit-in

29. Sit-in 4 black college students sat down at a segregated lunch counter
Waited the entire day without being served
Their patience encouraged others to join; In two days 85 more had joined

30. Woolworth Sit In Clip

31. Letters From Birmingham Jail
1963
Birmingham Alabama, “Most segregated city in America” – MLK
Faced fierce protest from public safety commissioner Bull Connor

32. Role of JFK JFK intervenes to ask that he not be sent to a labor camp
MLK’s wife feared he would be killed

33. Bull Connor
Used fire houses to blast protestors, would roll children down streets
Chased them with dogs

36. MLK is Arrested
TV broadcast this across the nation, Americans were appalled
The protestors had won in achieving the attention they were seeking
America finally saw how bad it was