1. Managing the Top 20 Landscape Insects & Mites Without Pesticides David J. Shetlar, Ph.D. The “BugDoc” The Ohio State University, OARDC & OSU Extension Columbus, OH © January, 2004, D.J. Shetlar, all rights reserved

5. Integrated Pest Management MONITOR PESTS Insects Diseases Weeds Chemical Controls Cultural ControlsBiological Controls © D.J. Shetlar, 2004

6. Plant Health Care Stress (or Pest) Management Plant Evaluation PlantClient Intervention? © D.J. Shetlar, 2004

7. Classic Biocontrols P Predators P Parasites P Pathogens Ants & Wasps Beetles Spiders Bugs (damsel, bigeyed, stink) Mites Others WaspsFlies Virus Fungi Bacteria Entomopathogenic Nematodes © D.J. Shetlar, 2004

8. Biocontrol or "BioBased"? ! Paenibacillus popillae – grub milky disease ! Bacillus thuringiensis - *-endotoxin ! Saccharopolyspora spinosa - spinosyns (=ConserveJ) © D.J. Shetlar, 2004

19. Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria spp. "White" Fungus Metarhizium spp. "Green" Fungus Naturalis-T® (none registered in US) © D.J. Shetlar, 2004

24. Entomopathogenic Nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae S. riobravis S. scapterisci Heterorhabditis bacteriophora © D.J. Shetlar, 2004

26. Using Biocontrols in Landscapes ! Introduction ! Conservation ! Augmentation © D.J. Shetlar, 2004

27. Conserving Biological Controls ! Learn to recognize biocontrols ! Use least toxic chemicals ! Target chemicals WHERE needed ! Educate customer ! Provide food and habitat ! BE PATIENT!! © D.J. Shetlar, 2004

28. Selecting Least Toxic Insecticides ! Soaps and Oils (kill by contact only) ! Use IGR-type products (very selective) ! Use chloro or thianicotinoids ! Use microbial products ! Use short residual products ! ?? © D.J. Shetlar, 2004

29. Classic Cultural Controls P Physical/mechanical P Plant Resistance/Tolerance Hand crushing Traps Barriers Syringing Site PlantsFertilizer & Water © D.J. Shetlar, 2004

32. Caterpillar Controls Non-Pesticides Biologicals Predators Parasites Pathogens “Bt” & “Spinosad” Cultural Crush! Resistant/tolerant plants? “Soaps or Oils” Avoid cover sprays! © D.J. Shetlar, 2004

34. JB Adult Controls Non-Pesticide Biologicals Predators (few) Parasites (mainly larval) Pathogens (mainly larval) Cultural Remove first “Scouts!” Resistant/tolerant plants? Site plants in shade or partial sun. Traps (NO!) © D.J. Shetlar, 2004

39. Borer Control Approaches Cultural – Use plants that are not prone to borer attack! Plant health care – plants in good growing conditions can usually repel borer attacks. Avoid Plant Damage – damaged plants are prone to attack. Biological – Usually not effective because they attack after infestation. © D.J. Shetlar, 2004

42. Bug & Aphid Controls Non-Pesticides Biologicals Predators Parasites Pathogens Cultural Crush! Resistant/tolerant plants? Site plants in shade or partial sun. Syringe! “Soaps or Oils” © D.J. Shetlar, 2004

45. Scale Controls Non-Pesticide Biologicals Predators (numerous) Parasites (BINGO!) Pathogens (few) Cultural Prune out heavy infestations. Resistant/tolerant plants? Don’t fertilize heavily! Syringe? “Soaps or Oils” © D.J. Shetlar, 2004

48. Mite Controls Non-Pesticides Biologicals Predators (numerous, all small) Parasites (nope) Pathogens (few) Cultural Avoid introductions! (bedding plants) Resistant/tolerant plants? Site plants in shade or partial sun. Syringe! “Soaps or Oils” Avoid cover sprays! © D.J. Shetlar, 2004

52. Gall Controls Non-Pesticides Biologicals Predators (few) Parasites (some) Pathogens (few) Cultural Resistant/tolerant plants? Just learn to “appreciate” them! Pull off! © D.J. Shetlar, 2004

57. Are there alternatives to insecticides for lawns? Insect parasitic nematodes are effective, but expensive and inconsistent. New ones are on the way! Milky disease of Japanese beetles does not affect other species of grubs. In Ohio, the disease is a weak pathogen that will eventually occur “naturally.” Very expensive to apply. Endophytes provide long term, consistent control (of surface insects). © D.J. Shetlar, 2004