2. The Powder Keg IgnitesThe Powder Keg Ignites  World War I began in Eastern Europe  Crisis began with the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary  Was visiting Bosnia but also home to many Serbs and Slavics  Serbians were unhappy with the visit  Viewed Austrians as foreign oppressors  Serbian terrorist group known as the Black Hand carried out the assassination

3. Video of AssassinationVideo of Assassination  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lbfhH6aK8vI

4. Assassination of ArchdukeAssassination of Archduke  Archduke ignored warnings of anti-Austrian unrest in Sarajevo  June 28, 1914- he and his wife were shot  They were in an open car in Sarajevo

5. Austria Strikes BackAustria Strikes Back  Government of Vienna saw assassination as an excuse to crush Serbia  Germany was upset by the assassination  Germany gave Austria the “blank check”- a promise of unconditional support no matter what the cost.  Austria sent Serbia and ultimatum  Tried to avoid the war  Serbia was supposed to end all anti-Austrian agitation in punish the Serbians who were involved in the plot

6. The UltimatumThe Ultimatum  Serbia agreed to most but not all the terms of the ultimatum  July 28, 1914- Austria declared war on Serbia

7. The Alliances Kick InThe Alliances Kick In  Carefully planned alliances kicked in when conflict arose.  After Austria declared war, Serbia went running to its ally Russia  Nicholas II asked William II to ask Austria to soften the demands, this failed  Russia then began to mobilize- prepared troops for war  August I- Germany responded by declaring war on Russia

8. The Alliances Kick InThe Alliances Kick In  Russia went to its ally France  France gave same kind of backing Germany did to Austria  Germany demanded France stay out of the conflict  Germany declared war on France

9. II. How It Began

10. A.The Balkans ( “ Powder Keg of Europe ” )

12. WAR

13. Germany Invades BelgiumGermany Invades Belgium  Italy and Britain remained uncommitted  Italy chose to remain neutral  Neutrality- policy of supporting neither side in a war  Schlieffan Plan  Germany’s location presented itself as a two-front war (France in the west and Russia in the east)  Schlieffan Plan was designed to avoid this issue  Plan- attack France first because Russia was slow to industrialize

14. Schlieffan PlanSchlieffan Plan  Goal: to surprise attack France by going through Belgian borders  European countries signed a treaty to keep Belgium neutral  Idea was to encircle and crush France’s army  Germany invaded Belgium on August 3 rd  When Germany went through Belgium, Britain declared war on Germany on August 4th

15. Section 2: A New Kind of War

16. Information about the Great War  Great War was the largest conflict in history up to that time  France mobilized 8.5 million men, Britain nearly 9 million, Russia 12 million, and Germany 11 million

17. Stalemate on the Western Front  German forces fought their way through Belgium toward Paris  Belgium tried to resist but German power was much too powerful

18. The Schlieffan Plan FailedThe Schlieffan Plan Failed  Russia mobilized faster  Russia won small victories over Germany  Germany had to then fight a two front war (France and Russia)  Battle of the Marne- ended Germany’s hope of a quick victory on the Western Front

20. The StalemateThe Stalemate  Both sides dug deeper trenches to protect their armies  Stalemate- a deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other  Battle lines in France remained unchanged for 4 years

21. New TechnologyNew Technology  Machine guns  Artillery gun  Poison Gas  Trench Warfare  Tanks  Airplanes  Submarines

22. B. Trench Warfare

23. 1. Goals 2. Conditions 3. Success

26. German “U” BoatsGerman “U” Boats  Damaged the Allied side  Sank many ships going to Britain

28. The Eastern Front Battle of Tannenburg (August of 1914) Central Powers crush Russians (Poor supplies and leadership) who never were a threat again

29. War Around the WorldWar Around the World  Ottoman Empire had a strategic location  Ottomans joined the Central Powers  Turkey cuts off Russia from the Dardanelles- a vital strait connecting the Black Sea ad the Mediterranean  Turkey fought Russia

30. 3 Front War3 Front War  3 rd Front- Middle East  1916- Arab nationalists led by Husayn ibn Ali declared a revolt against Ottoman Rule  British sent T.E. Lawrence- Lawrence of Arabia- to support the Arab revolt

31. Section 3: Winning the WarSection 3: Winning the War

32. Waging Total WarWaging Total War  Nations realized that a modern mechanized war required the channeling of a nation’s entire resources- total war  To achieve total war- government took a stronger role  Both sides set up systems to recruit, arm, transport, and supply armies that numbered in the millions

33. Conscription  Britain imposed conscription- “the draft”- required all young men to be ready for military or other service  Government raised taxes and borrowed huge among of money to pay the costs of war  Countries rationed food and other products such as boots and gasoline