1. Unit 9

2. Write down three words that come to mind with each decade: 0-9_____________________ 10-19_____________________ 20-29_____________________ 30-39_____________________ 40-49_____________________ 50-59_____________________ 60-69_____________________ 70-79_____________________ 80-89_____________________

3. What is Developmental Psychology? Examines how people are continually developing – physically, cognitively, and socially – from infancy through old age.

4. 3 Major Issues  Nature & Nurture How do the genes we inherit (our nature) and our experience (the nurture we receive) influence our development?

5. 3 Major Issues  Continuity & Stages Is development a gradual, continuous process? Or does it proceed through a sequence of separate stages?

6. 3 Major Issues  Stability & Change Do our early personality traits persist through life? Or do we become different persons as we age?

7. Jean Piaget  Worked with childhood intelligence.  Discovered children reason differently.  Theorized a child’s mind develops through a series of stages.

8. Jean Piaget  We progress intellectually by trying to make sense of our experiences. We build schemas, mental molds into which we pour our experiences. Examples: ○ Framework or understanding for what a cat is a dog is a cow is love is

10. Jean Piaget  To make sense of new experiences, we assimilate - interpret them according to our current schemas.  Example: Gabriella has a schema or understanding for cow: ○ All four-legged animals are cows. Gabriella tries to fit all four-legged animals into this framework.

12. Jean Piaget  We then adjust, or accommodate, our schemas to incorporate information provided by new experiences.  Example: Gabriella learns that her schema for cow is too broad and can revise the category. ○ All four-legged animals with udders are cows.

14. Bambi Video Clip  Saw a Bird  Created Schema for Bird Birds fly  Saw a Butterfly  Assimilated by calling it “Bird” It flies  Modify Schema for Bird & Created Schema for Butterfly (Accommodation)

15. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development StageTypical AgeDescriptionDevelopmental Occurances Sensorimotor Stage Birth – 2 yrsExperiencing the world through senses & actions (looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, grasping) Object permanence Stranger anxiety

16. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development  Sensorimotor Stage Babies live in the present. ○ Out of sight, Out of mind. Babies 0-6 months lack object permanence. ○ The awareness that objects continue to exist when not perceived.

17. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Today’s researchers… ○ See development as more continuous than Piaget. ○ Believe Piaget underestimated young children’s logic due to further simple experiments. Object Permanence Video Clip

18. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development StageTypical AgeDescriptionDevelopmental Occurrances Sensorimotor Stage Birth – 2 yrsExperiencing the world through senses & actions (looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, grasping) Object permanence Stranger anxiety Preoperational Stage 2 – 7 yrsRepresenting things with words & images; using intuitive rather than logical reasoning Pretend play Egocentrism

19. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development  Preoperational Stage Preschool children are egocentric. ○ Difficulty perceiving things from another’s point of view. Egocentrism Video Clip

20. This is Sally.This is Anne. Sally puts the ball in the red cupboard. Sally goes away. Anne moves the ball to the blue cupboard. Where will Sally look for her ball?

21. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Preschool children ○ focus on one dimension at a time. ○ lack the concept of conservation. The principle that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape. Play-Doh Video ClipPlay-Doh Video Clip Stage 2 vs. Stage 3 Video ClipStage 2 vs. Stage 3 Video Clip

22. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development StageTypical AgeDescriptionDevelopmental Occurrances Sensorimotor Stage Birth – 2 yrsExperiencing the world through senses & actions (looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, grasping) Object permanence Stranger anxiety Preoperational Stage 2 – 7 yrsRepresenting things with words & images; using intuitive rather than logical reasoning Pretend play Egocentrism Concrete Operational Stage 7 – 11 yrsThinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies & performing arithmetical operations Conservation Mathematical transformations

23. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development  Concrete Operational Stage Concrete = actual experience or materials Children can understand concepts they could not understand in the preoperational stage.

24. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development StageTypical AgeDescriptionDevelopmental Occurrances Sensorimotor Stage Birth – 2 yrsExperiencing the world through senses & actions (looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, grasping) Object permanence Stranger anxiety Preoperational Stage 2 – 7 yrsRepresenting things with words & images; using intuitive rather than logical reasoning Pretend play Egocentrism Concrete Operational Stage 7 – 11 yrsThinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies & performing arithmetical operations Conservation Mathematical transformations Formal Operational Stage 12 yrs - adulthood Abstract reasoning Abstract logic Potential for mature moral reasoning.

25. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development  Formal Operational Stage Abstract = imagined realities and symbols Systematic or logical reasoning ○ As children approach adolescence, they become capable of solving hypothetical problems and possible consequences. "If this, then that" Video Clip

26. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development StageTypical AgeDescriptionDevelopmental Occurrances Sensorimotor Stage Birth – 2 yrsExperiencing the world through senses & actions (looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, grasping) Object permanence Stranger anxiety Preoperational Stage 2 – 7 yrsRepresenting things with words & images; using intuitive rather than logical reasoning Pretend play Egocentrism Concrete Operational Stage 7 – 11 yrsThinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies & performing arithmetical operations Conservation Mathematical transformations Formal Operational Stage 12 yrs - adulthood Abstract reasoning Abstract logic Potential for mature moral reasoning.