2. Emission Spectra

3. Emission Spectrum of Hydrogen 1 nm = 1 x 10 -9 m = “a billionth of a meter” 410 nm434 nm486 nm656 nm

4. Emission Spectrum of an Element 1 nm = 1 x 10 -9 m = “a billionth of a meter” 410 nm434 nm486 nm656 nm 1 nm = 1 x 10 -9 m = “a billionth of a meter”

5. Continuous and Line Spectra 4000 A o 5000 6000 7000 light Na H Ca Hg 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 nm Visible spectrum  (nm)

6. Continuous and Line Spectra 4000 A o 5000 60007000 4000 A o 5000 6000 7000 light Na H Ca Hg

7. Flame Emission Spectra Photographs of flame tests of burning wooden splints soaked in different salts. Include link to web page http://www.unit5.org/christjs/flame%20tests.htm methane gas wooden splintstrontium ioncopper ionsodium ion calcium ion

8. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

9. Flame Tests for Certain Metals BORAX BEAD TESTS FOR CERTAIN METALS (All beads formed in the oxidizing flame)

10. Fireworks

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13. Common chemicals used in the manufacture of fireworks Ammonium perchlorate aluminumBlue flame: copper carbonate, copper sulfate, or copper oxide Barium chlorate antimony sulfideRed flame: strontium nitrate or strontium carbonate Barium nitrate charcoalWhite flame: magnesium or aluminum Potassium chlorate magnesiumYellow flame: sodium oxalate or cryolite (Na 3 AlF 6 ) Potassium nitrate sulfurGreen flame: barium nitrate or barium chlorate Potassium perchlorate titaniumWhite smoke: potassium nitrate plus sulfur Strontium nitrateColored smoke: potassium chlorate and sulfur, plus organic dye Whistling noise: potassium benzoate or sodium salicylate White sparks: aluminum, magnesium, or titanium Gold sparks: iron filings or charcoal Almost any combination of an oxidizer and a fuel may be used along with the compounds needed to produce a desired special effect. Oxidizers Fuels (Reductants) Special Effects Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

14. Composition of Fireworks Gunpowder –Sulfur, charcoal, potassium nitrate (saltpeter) Salts (to give color) –Red = lithium –Green = copper

15. Electron Energy Levels nucelus 1 st energy level 2 nd energy level 3 rd energy level 1999, Addison, Wesley, Longman, Inc. Energy absorbed Energy lost