1. Protecting life, environment and property... 1 Flame Detection Design: A Balancing Act Detection Capability Range Fuel Interference Rejection Resistance level Impact on Flame Detection

2. Protecting life, environment and property... 2 Flame Detection

3. Protecting life, environment and property... 3 Solar radiation Wavelength (microns)

4. Protecting life, environment and property... 4 Typical interference

5. Protecting life, environment and property... 5 UV detectors

6. Protecting life, environment and property... 6 Ultraviolet Sensor Operating Principle Solar blind 1850 to 2450 UV photons strike tube cathode Cathode releases electron Electron strikes gas molecule Cascade effect occurs to anode Discharge is quenched, creates pulse (count) output Pulse output measured in CPS (counts per second)

7. Protecting life, environment and property... 7 Enhanced Arc Rejection Faster and more false alarm resistant Ultraviolet Flame Detector

8. Protecting life, environment and property... 8 IR detectors

9. Protecting life, environment and property... 9 IR Sensor Operating Principle Optical filter mounted to sensor 4.45 micron band-pass Flicker modulation required Steady state IR sources ignored Optical Bandpass Filter Pyroelectric Infrared Sensor Infrared Energy Flicker Filter Circuitry Output Circuitry

10. Protecting life, environment and property... 10 Analyzes the raw IR sensor signal “randomness” Rejects signals that do not meet randomness criteria No Fire Alarm Fire Alarm! TDSA

11. Protecting life, environment and property... 11 Single Frequency Infrared Flame Detector TDSA IR signal processing Quick fire response Heated optic

12. Protecting life, environment and property... 12 UV/IR detectors

13. Protecting life, environment and property... 13 ARC UV and TDSA IR signal processing High Speed Heated IR optic sensor Ultraviolet Infrared Flame Detector

14. Protecting life, environment and property... 14 Ultraviolet Infrared Signal Processing Dual Spectral Processing –Arc rejection UV sensor –TDSA IR sensor UV sensor (and gated) with the IR sensor Alarm only when processing time is met by both sensors simultaneously

15. Protecting life, environment and property... 15 Multi-spectrum IR detector

16. Protecting life, environment and property... 16 Spectral Analysis Determine unique spectral features of sources Use multiple Infrared bandwidths to optimize desired capabilities Develop algorithms to identify signatures

17. Protecting life, environment and property... 17 Typical signal/reference band multi IR

18. Protecting life, environment and property... 18 Patents –Wavelength –Algorithm –Digital signal Processing Extended Cone of Vision X33AF Multispectrum Infrared Flame Detector

19. Protecting life, environment and property... X33AF IR3 X33AF Multi-spectrum 63m‘ UV/IR 30m SFIR 25m COV Test data for 1’ * 1’ gasoline fire