2. 9 Kane Industrial Drive Hudson, MA 01749 Phone: 978 562-2300 FAX: 978 562-8900 WWW.AVTECINDUSTRIES.COM UNEQUALED TECHNOLOGY UNSURPASSED PERFORMANCE

3. Scientific Rational for Avtec’s Thermashield™ Fire Retardant Coating Thermashield™ is an innovative air-dried solvent based fire retardant surface coating Thermashield™ is Bromine, Antimony and Magnesium Free It can be easily be applied to Structural Steel, Aluminum, Metal alloys, and polymeric composite materials Thermashield™ can be applied as an interior or exterior coating due to its ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions

4. This product forms a ceramic/carbonaceous, open-cell matrix barrier when exposed to open flame or excessive heat This three-dimensional swollen glassy char layer shields the underlying material from open flame, attack by oxygen, radiant heat and suppresses afterglow and smoke Thermashield™ is non-conducting and insulating, will not flake, peel or dust, and withstands multiple high intensity impacts Is resistant to water, weather, sea spray, and chemical attack Thermashield™ bonds well to a wide variety of substrates, is non-corrosive and is non-toxic Avtec’s Thermashield™ Has Been Designed to Bring in a New Era of Fire and Thermal Protection for Industrial, Transportation, and Structural Applications

5. a)A catalyst / initiator. b)A carbonific, or source of carbon. c)A source of non-flammable gases d)Ceramic / inorganics.  Each of the groups of the composition contributes a specific property to the formulation and each is critical to the success of the coating in overcoming the disadvantages associated with other fire retardant coatings. Thermashield™ Is a Composition of Materials Where Each Constituent Falls Into One of Four Fire Retarding Functional Groups:

6. Upon Exposure to an Open Flame or High Radiant Heat Source, the Active Material Operates Stepwise in the Following Orderly Format:  In the earliest phase of the fire retardant activity reaction, the catalyst / initiator decomposes to release a strong acid by- product.  Whereupon it dehydrates the pyrolysing polymer coating resin and reacts with the carbonific to form initiator based esters.  After this series of reactions and decompositions, the original strong acid by-product of the catalyst decomposition is also released for further reaction to continue the cycle. Unsaturated compounds are formed with subsequent charring. a)

7. As the temperature rises, the catalyzed carbonific begins to decompose along a much different route and at a lower temperature than would have occurred for a non-catalyzed carbonific. A functional component in the carbonific binds with the dehydrated polymer coating to lock the forming carbonaceous layer to the underlying substrate and impart structural integrity to the char layer. Additionally, decomposition of the carbonific constituents produces large volumes of char, carbon dioxide and water. The original strong acid by-product of the catalyst decomposition continues to be regenerated for the reaction cycle to continue until final termination. Stepwise Format b)

8. Stepwise Format The blowing agent then begins to decompose, yielding large volumes of non-flammable gases, water, and additional char. the carbonaceous char bubbles and foams, forming a swollen insulative heat shield. c)

9. Stepwise Format The ceramic / inorganic constituents perform several functions: 1)To form a protective ceramic coating which is resistant to extremely high temperatures. 2)To add rigidity and strength to the char. 3)To reflect the infrared radiation (IR) radiances. 4)Absorb IR and irradiate by emissivity. 5)Suppress smoke and afterglow. After the reaction cycle is complete, the ceramic / inorganic components dispersed throughout the carbonaceous barrier keep even higher temperatures and high velocity pressure gradients from attacking the substrate. d)

10. Avtec Industries Case Studies Simulated Pool Fire Test Test was carried out at the Socorro Proving Grounds, Socorro, New Mexico This test was designed to simulate a 1600° F hydrocarbon fuel pool fire A 1/8 in. steel plate was coated on one side with 1/16 in. Thermashield™ and fitted with 9 thermocouples on the uncoated side Coated side was exposed to the flaming pool of fuel, the uncoated side was left dry and away from flame Test requirements state the thermocouples shall not exceed 800° F after a minimum of 100 min. Results are as follows…

11. Pool Fire Data None of the 9 Thermocouples ever exceeded 250° F after 2 Hours and 39 Minutes

12. Avtec Industries Case Studies ASTM E-119 Test on 5/8” Steel Plate This test method is intended to evaluate the duration for which assemblies will contain a fire, or retain their structural integrity, or, exhibit both properties Steel Plates, 12” x 12” x 5/8”, with Thermashield™ Coating thicknesses of 0.020”; 0.040”; 0.055”; and 0.060” on one side were exposed to the E-119 time/temperature curve at 2000° F The unexposed side was instrumented with two type K sheathed, grounded thermocouples The tests were conducted at V-TEC Laboratories, Bronx, New York Test results are as follows…

13. Avtec Industries Case Studies ASTM E-119 Test on 5/8” Steel Plate

14. Performance Characteristics Avtec Industries Thermashield™ PPG Industries Pitt-Char XP International Coatings Chartek IV 1 hr.035 in. (NO Reinforcement).280 in. (with Steel or Glass Wire Mesh Reinforcement).270 in. (with Steel Flange Edge Reinforcement) 1 ½ hr.050 in. (NO Reinforcement).400 in. (with Steel or Glass Wire Mesh Reinforcement).410 in. (with Steel Flange Edge Reinforcement) 2 hr.060 in. (NO Reinforcement).520 in. (with Steel or Glass Wire Mesh Reinforcement).550 in. (with Steel Flange Edge Reinforcement)

15. Avtec Industries Case Studies Visual Torch Test This test is designed to demonstrate the properties of Avtec’s Thermashield™ Fire Retardant Coating on steel plate A 4”x 6” hot rolled steel panel 1/16” thick was spray coated with 1/16” Thermashield™ Fire Retardant Coating and allowed to air- dry The panel was then subjected to a 2500° F flame front These pictures show how the Thermashield™ reacts to the excessive heat and flame, insulating the panel and moving the flame front away from the substrate

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