1. Group Members: Oletta Lam (21) Vivien Lau (22) Agnes Lau (23) Ada Leung (24) Cherry Li (25)

2. Contents: 1.IntroductionIntroduction 2.Flame Test for CalciumFlame Test for Calcium 3.Flame Test for Compound of PotassiumFlame Test for Compound of Potassium 4.Flame Test for CopperFlame Test for Copper 5.Flame Test for SodiumFlame Test for Sodium

3. What is a flame test? The flame test is used to visually determine the identity of an unknown metal of an ionic salt based on the characteristic color the salt turns the flame of a Bunsen burner. Back

5. Flame Test for Calcium This flame test enables us to identify calcium ions very quickly and easily. Apparatus needed: -1 watch glass -1 nichrome wire -Concentrated hydrochloric acid -Bunsen burner How the flame test should be done: Before we carry out the experiment, we have to make sure that the flame test rod is clean, to do this, we have to dip the nichrome wire into concentrated hydrochloric acid and introduce it into the tip of the blue cone, which is

6. the hottest part of the flame. This process may have to be repeated several times. After the cleaning of the wire, we can then dip the wire into the solid Calcium and put it in the Bunsen flame and observe the colour change of the flame. Video of the flame test for Calcium: http://dl.uncw.edu/digilib/chemistry/general/orange_cin.avi Calcium ions give a brick red flame in a flame test. Back

8. What is potassium? Potassium is a soft, shining, white metallic element. A vital to all living matter, occurring in the form of mineral salts and in rocks. What is a compound? Compounds are substances composed of two or more elements chemically joined together

9. Flame colour… Back

10. Flame Test on Copper A flame test is a procedure used in chemistry to detect the presence of certain metals. This time we’re going to test copper. Every compound of metals have different results and we can identify them by observing the flame colour produced.

11. Substances are often held on clean, non-reactive wire (such as platinum or gold). Then, we can dip a clean nichrome wire into concentrated hydrochloric acid and dip the nichrome wire into copper. At last, we put the end of the wire in the Bunsen flame and heat it, and observe the colour of the flame. Results: the flame will turn into bluish-green Back

13. Sodium chloride, better known as common salt, is the most common compound of sodium, but sodium occurs in many other minerals, such as amphibole, soda niter, etc. Sodium compounds are important to the chemical, glass, metal, paper, petroleum, soap, and textile industries. Soap is generally a sodium salt of certain fatty acids.Sodium chloride mineralsamphibolesoda niterglasspaperpetroleum soaptextilesalt

14. ‧ Flame test on sodium carbonate ‧ Flame test on sodium carbonate seen through cobalt glass

15. Intense NaNa This test for sodium is so delicate that great care must be exercised in using it. Glass blowers Didymium Safety Glasses may be used to block out this emission to observe the less intense colors.

16. A video about flame test http://cd.ed.gov.hk/sci/chemistry/tas/etc.htm Back

17. Flame Test for Strontium: http://dl.uncw.edu/digilib/chemistry/general/redSrCl2_cin.avi Flame Test for Copper: http://dl.uncw.edu/digilib/chemistry/general/green_cin.avi Flame Test for Potassium: http://dl.uncw.edu/digilib/chemistry/general/purple_cin.avi Flame Test for Lithium: http://dl.uncw.edu/digilib/chemistry/general/redLiBr_cin.avi Reference: http://dl.uncw.edu