1. GHG Indexing of Ships and its updates Dr. Tim Gunner, Technical Consultant, Intertanko

2. IMO Position Assembly Resolution 963  “To identify and develop the mechanism or mechanisms needed to achieve the limitation or reduction of GHG emissions…. and to give priority to: –The establishment of a GHG Baseline –The development of a methodology to describe the GHG efficiency of a ship… recognize that CO 2 is the main GHG emitted by ships –The development of guidelines by which GHG emission indexing may be applied in practice –The evaluation of technical, operational and market based solutions

3. IMO Position and Findings  IMO Study on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships published in June 2000 Findings: –Ships contribute about 1.8% of World’s total CO 2 emissions –Reductions feasible through technical and operational measures

4. IMO Procedure MEPC/Circ.471  Interim Guidelines for Voluntary CO 2 Indexing for use in Trials – issued 29 July 2005  Trial period until MEPC 58 – October 2008 – where report of experiences requested

5. The CO 2 Index Equation IMO Guidelines

6. Specified C Carbon Factors IMO Guidelines

7. Example Data

8. Example Calculation

9. GHG Indexing of Ships  CO 2 Equation used for “Yearly” Calculations C. Con. Factor *  FC i /  (M Cargo i * Dist i )  CO 2 Equation used for “Voyage” Calculations C. Con. Factor * FC i / (M Cargo i * Dist i )

10. GHG Indexing of Ships  GHG Index used for “Yearly” and “Voyage” calculations uses same principle but incorporates refrigerant gas refill tonnage (RF) and the Global Warming Potential (GWP = 3780) of the gas to equate it to CO 2 equivalency (C.Conv.Factor *  FC i ) + (  RF i * GWP) / (C.Conv.Factor *  FC i ) + (  RF i * GWP) /  (M Cargo i * Dist i )

11. INTERTANKO CO 2 and GHG Spreadsheet

12. INTERTANKO Add. to Spreadsheet (Sulphur)

13. INTERTANKO Add. to Spreadsheet (NMVOC)

14. A Review of Data collection so far A Review of Data collection so far

15. GHG Indexing of Ships Example of a VLCC (1) Voyage Data Calculation Voyage No Loaded Miles Ballast Miles Total Miles Total Bunkers Total Cargo Tonnes CO2 Index *10^6 56373120575781399.312577882.2277 666116421130322118.132568111.9683 759966452124482013.84250204.532.0109 84310550898181589.84257381.451.9567 95897300088971461.12259044.211.9716 1051106002111121951.74248750.942.1960 114316465489701546.31241659.222.2185 12106173167137842499.99267694.732.1071 1362856248125332233.43260516.842.1274 Voyage Average2.0871 Var. % 5.27%Standard Dev.0.11

16. GHG Indexing of Ships Example of a VLCC (2) Voyage Data Calculation Voyage No Loaded Miles Ballast Miles Total Miles Total Bunkers Total Cargo Tonnes CO2 Index *10^6 93156266958251504.182590933.0996 10113052684139894073.702585513.5028 111263111831244626438.722617033.1279 1285966218148144517.072595713.6533 13103534153145064522.192636313.6776 1463694404107733120.602602373.4617 15316230034621019.102608263.5099 16697240873801985.022604623.2116 1770945824129183104.872528712.9560 Voyage Average3.3556 Var. % 7.45%Standard Dev.0.25

17. GHG Indexing of Ships Example of VLCCs Voyage Data Calculations Vessel IDDWTCO2 Voy Av A12385052.2612 A22690652.5204 A33059263.1505 A42648923.3556 A53058712.2726 A62600392.0871 T17953715.6208 T181071815.7850 T191062667.0382 T20987445.4705 T21985075.8647

18. CO 2 & GHG Indexing of Ships Example of Chemical Tanker Voyage Data Calculation Voyage No.FO Cons. MDO Cons.Total Cargo Loaded Dist Ballast Dist Refrig. gas t/p Tonnes N. Miles KilogramsCO2 Index GHG Index TPW 51925.454.736892.97986014.2 TPW 51/HBR 51744.296.05333014.2 HBR 51992.891.532494.17498014.2 HBR 511191.592.96293014.26.93647.0505 HBR 51/TPW 52819.690.435595.16634014.2 TPW 52/HBR 52900.986.27485014.2 HBR 52892.758.628787.58052014.2 HBR 52/TPW 53821.7100.15932014.26.49156.6102 TPW 53844.778.836388.36794014.2 TPW 53847.4103.66320014.2 TPW 53/HBR 53836.474.76727014.2 HBR 531166.685.932380.67377014.26.72056.8352 Voyage Av.6.71616.8320 Standard Dev.0.3150.311

19. Comparative Values and Economies of Scale But one has to take into account others’ views 1 ship emission = 350,000 cars emissions

20. Any Questions or Offers of Help for Data Collection