1. THE OPTICAL ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF Fe­2+ and Fe­3+ IONS IN THE BLOOD
My name is Maksims Polakovs.We would like to present you my work THE OPTICAL ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF Fe­2+ and Fe­3+ IONS IN THE BLOOD. It was done on Radiation physics laboratory base. It is just small part of work in optical and epr methods application for biological materials such as blood, bones, teethes.
Maksims Poļakovs
Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Kengaraga street 8,
LV-1063 Riga, Latvia

2. The aims of work Geometrical parameters of erythrocytes
In the present work we report results of measurements optical absorption of blood.
The aims of work.
Was measured geometrical parameters of erythrocytes for healthy and sick (Chernobyl clean-up workers) men.
In the present work we report results of measurements optical absorption of blood. As blood samples were used, blood of healthy and sick (Chernobyl clean-up workers) men.
Kartina dlja raznix ljudei

3. Used equipments
For optical absorption spectra measurements was used “Specord UV-VIS”.
For geometrical parameters of erythrocytes was used Automatic analyzer of microscopic image “MORPHQUANT”
Used equipments
For optical absorption spectra measurements was used “Specord UV-VIS”.
For geometrical parameters of erythrocytes was used Automatic analyzer of microscopic image “MORPHQUANT

4. Materials
Venous blood was donated by consenting Chernobyl clean-up workers and healthy men. Blood was collected under air in glass tubes containing a small amount of heparin used as an anticoagulant. Blood without any anticoagulant was also tested and showed no difference with respect heparin blood.
Materials
Venous blood was donated by consenting Chernobyl clean-up workers and healthy men. Blood was collected under air in glass tubes containing a small amount of heparin used as an anticoagulant. Blood without any anticoagulant was also tested and showed no difference with respect heparin blood.

5. Clinical investigations show high morbidity rate of clean-up workers compare with general population.
Nowadays they represent group of chronically sick people with diseases prevalence of digestive, musculoskeletal and nervous system.
Most of the Chernobyl’ clean-up workers have poli-symptomatic sicknesses that exhibit tendency to progress.
Clinical investigations show high morbidity rate of clean-up workers compare with general population.
Nowadays they represent group of chronically sick people with diseases prevalence of digestive, musculoskeletal and nervous system.
Most of the Chernobyl’ clean-up workers have poli-symptomatic sicknesses that exhibit tendency to progress.

6. Some of clean-up workers have erythrocytosis
Some of clean-up workers have erythrocytosis. Erythrocytosis is defined as an excess of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs). RBCs in the blood are measured by the hematocrit (the percentage of the blood volume made up of RBCs) or by the hemoglobin
Some of clean-up workers have erythrocytosis. Erythrocytosis is defined as an excess of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs). RBCs in the blood are measured by the hematocrit (the percentage of the blood volume made up of RBCs) or by the hemoglobin
povisinoe soderzanie eritrocitov (povisani gemoglobin) ,
u normalnix ljudei 1-3% methemogl
hemocrit (36-46%)
g/dl (hemoglobin)

7. AFM image of erythrocytes
The diameter of a typical human erythrocyte disk is 6–8 µm, much smaller than most other human cells. A typical erythrocyte contains about 270 million hemoglobin molecules, with each carrying four heme groups.
Adult humans have roughly 2–3 × 1013 red blood cells at any given time (women have about 4 million to 5 million erythrocytes per cubic millimeter (microliter) of blood and men about 5 million to 6 million; people living at high altitudes with low oxygen tension will have more). Red blood cells are thus much more common than the other blood particles
erythrocytes
The diameter of a typical human erythrocyte disk is 6–8 µm, much smaller than most other human cells. A typical erythrocyte contains about 270 million hemoglobin molecules, with each carrying four heme groups.
Adult humans have roughly 2–3 × 1013 red blood cells at any given time (women have about 4 million to 5 million erythrocytes per cubic millimeter (microliter) of blood and men about 5 million to 6 million; people living at high altitudes with low oxygen tension will have more). Red blood cells are thus much more common than the other blood particles
Atomic force microscopic
AFM image of erythrocytes

8. Geometrical parametrs of erythrocytes (RBC)
P - Perimeter of RBC S - Square of RBC f - Form factor of RBC (P2/S)
D - The maximal size of RBC W - The minimal size of RBC Ext - Eccentricity of RBC ( D/W )
Geometrical parametrs of erythrocytes (RBC)
P - Perimeter of RBC S - Square of RBC f - Form factor of RBC (P2/S)
D - The maximal size of RBC W - The minimal size of RBC Ext - Eccentricity of RBC ( D/W )
Automatic analyzer of microscopic image

9. Result:
Slim - parametrs of erytrocytes for Chernobyl`s clean-up wokers
Norma – parametrs of erytrocytes for practically heath peopele

10. Hemoglobin structure
Hemoglobin is nanoparticle with sizes 6,4 x 5,5 x 5,0 nm
Composed of four globular protein subunits (tetramer) each with a heme group.
Four types of globin chains occur in pairs containing amino acids
Responsible for cells ability to transport O2 and CO2
When a ligand is bound to Hb,
the heme iron is 6-coordinated
Hemoglobin structure
Hemoglobin is nanoparticle with sizes 6,4 x 5,5 x 5,0 nm
Composed of four globular protein subunits (tetramer) each with a heme group.
Four types of globin chains occur in pairs containing amino acids
Responsible for cells ability to transport O2 and CO2
When a ligand is bound to Hb, the heme iron is 6-coordinated
Gemoglobin imeet cetverticnuju strukturu (tetramer)

11. Heme structure of Hemoglobin
Ion of iron Fe2+ is bounding up with molecule of O2 does not change valence, but transferring from high to low spin state.
Heme structure of Hemoglobin
Ion of iron Fe2+ is bounding up with molecule of O2 does not change valence, but transferring from high to low spin state.

12. High spin S=2 (deoxyhemoglobin) Low spin S=0 (oxyhemoglobin)
Hemoglobin Fe 2+ low and high spin state
Fe2+ [Ar]3d6
Dq high spin < Dq low spin eg eg
deoxyhemoglobin (s=2)
oxyhemoglobin (s=0)
Dq=sila polja
The ions of iron in haemoglobin transports oxygen around the body. When the haemoglobin binds oxygen its does change charge bet only changes its electronic configugation from high spin configuration to low spin configura-tion
t2g
t2g
High spin S=2
(deoxyhemoglobin)
Low spin S=0
(oxyhemoglobin)

13. Optical absorption spectra of oxy-hemoglobin (Fe2+ ; S=0)
Here you can see Optical absorption spectra of oxy-hemoglobin (Fe2+ ; S=0)

14. Fe(II)-heme is oxidized to Fe(III)-heme to form metHb.
Methemoglobin
Fe(II)-heme is oxidized to Fe(III)-heme to form metHb.
MetHb does not bind O2.
oxy-Hb met-Hb
Fe(II)-heme is oxidized to Fe(III)-heme to form metHb. MetHb does not bind O2.
At the left picture you can see orange ball, it is ion of ferrous Fe(II), red stick it is oxygen.
At the right picture you can see same orange ball, it is ion of ferric Fe(III), and blue ball it is show, electron leaving heme.
Refer to handout from “Hemoglobin: Molecular, Genetic and Clinical Aspects” by Bunn & Forget, p. 31.

15. oxyHb(Fe2+) metHb(Fe3+) At this picture you can see:
From the left side oxyhemoglobin
From the right side methemoglobin
As is easy to see that oxyhemoglobin methemoglobin differ by color.
oxyHb(Fe2+)
metHb(Fe3+)

16. Methemoglobin Fe 3+ low and high spin state
Fe3+ [Ar]3d5
Dq high spin < Dg low spin eg eg
Methemoglobin meritsja epr esce
t2g
t2g
High spin S=5/2
Low spin S=1/2

17. Absorption spectrum of Methemoglobin and Hemoglobin
At this figure you can see Optical absorption spectra of Methemoglobin and Hemoglobin

18. Optical absorption spectra of oxy-hemoglobin (Fe2+ ; S=0)
Absorption spectrum of Methemoglobin and Hemoglobin
If to compare this two spectra of oxy-hemoglobin and Methemoglobin and Hemoglobin. We can see that increasing absorption in case of Methemoglobin and Hemoglobin spectrum measurement we can see new additional absorption band in diapason from 630 to 660 nm.

19. CONCLUSIONS
We observed that geometrical parameters of erythrocytes for healthy people differ from geometrical parameters for sick people.
We observed the additional absorption bands nm in absorption spectra of blood of Chernobyl clean–up worker who has erythrocytosis. These data shows that the blood of the Chernobyl`s clean –up workers which have erythrocytosis met hemoglobin higher
normal.
Perhaps the ion Fe 2+ in the-heme of hemoglobin is oxidized to the Ion Fe3+ in the heme by radiation. While estimating the health status of clean-up workers part of the revealed pathology could be explained by the higher levels of strontium and other radionucleids in the body.