1. BLOOD

2. Plasma
Red blood cell
White blood cell
Platelets

4. Formed Elements
• ____________ = red blood cells (RBCs) • __________ = white blood cells (WBCs) • ____________ = cell fragments

7. Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)
The main function is to _____________
Anatomy of circulating erythrocytes
Biconcave disks
Essentially bags of hemoglobin
_______________ (no nucleus)
Contain very few organelles; lack mitochondria
Outnumber white blood cells 1000:1

8. Hemoglobin (Hb) __________-containing protein
Binds strongly, but reversibly, to ______
Each hemoglobin molecule has four oxygen binding sites
Each erythrocyte has 250 million hemoglobin molecules

9. When there is a high concentration of oxygen (ex
When there is a high concentration of oxygen (ex. in the lung) hemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin. When the blood reaches the tissue which have a low concentration of oxygen the hemoglobin dissociates with the oxygen and the oxygen is released into body tissues

10. Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
Crucial in the body’s defense against disease
These are complete cells, with a __________ and ____________
Able to move into and out of blood vessels (_____________)
Can move by ameboid motion
Can respond to chemicals released by damaged tissues – _______________

12. Leukocyte Levels in the Blood
Normal levels are between 4,000 and 11,000 cells per millimeter
Abnormal leukocyte levels
Leukocytosis
Above 11,000
leukocytes/ml
Generally indicates
an infection
Leukopenia
Abnormally low
leukocyte level
Commonly caused by
certain drugs

13. Types of Leukocytes Granulocytes
Granules in their cytoplasm can be stained
Include:

14. Types of Leukocytes Agranulocytes Lack visible cytoplasmic granules
Include:

15. Granulocytes Neutrophils (most common) Eosinophils (not a common WBC)
Multilobed nucleus with fine granules
Act as _________ at active sites of infection
Eosinophils (not a common WBC)
Large brick-red cytoplasmic granules
Found in response to ____________ and_________________

16. Granulocytes Basophils (not a common WBC)
Have _______________-containing granules
Initiate ____________; involved in ________

17. Agranulocytes Lymphocytes (second most common WBC)
Two types play an important role in the_______________
B-cells – produce antibodies
T-cells – direct immune response

18. Agranulocytes Monocytes Largest of the white blood cells
Function as ________________
Important in fighting chronic infection

19. Platelets
Derived from ruptured multinucleate cells called __________________
Needed for the clotting process
Normal platelet count = 300,000/mm3

20. Hematopoiesis
_______________ formation occurs in ____________ bone marrow
All blood cells are derived from a common stem cell - ______________
Hemocytoblast differentiation
_________ stem cell
produces lymphocytes
produces other formed
elements

22. Fate of Erythrocytes Unable to divide, grow, or synthesize proteins
Wear out in _____________________
When worn out, are eliminated by____________ in the _______ or _____
Lost cells are replaced by division of hemocytoblasts

23. Control of Erythrocyte Production
Rate is controlled by a hormone - __________________
_________ produce most erythropoietin as a response to reduced oxygen levels in the blood
Homeostasis is maintained by __________ feedback from blood oxygen levels

24. Control of Erythrocyte Production

25. http://people.sinclair.edu/normahollebeke/ 107/Blood%20Worksheet.pdf