1. By noura and jonathan

2. What is sickle cell Sickle cell disease refers to a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. Its the most common genetic disease in the u.s. An estimated 70,000-80,000 americans have sickle cell disease.

3. Difference between the cells Normal red blood cells are flexible and disk- shaped,thicker at the edges than in the middle and they carry more oxygen Sickle cells are hard,sticky,sickle shaped and carry less oxygen. They can also damage other red blood cells. they live 10 – 20 days

4. Difference between the cells Normal red blood cells are flexible and disk- shaped,thicker at the edges than in the middle and they carry more oxygen Sickle cells are hard,sticky,sickle shaped and carry less oxygen. They can also damage other red blood cells.

5. When these hard and pointed red blood go through the small blood tube, they clog the flow and break a part. This can cause pain,damage and low blood count,or anemia (anemia -condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells

7. A person with the sickle cell trait will never have sickle cell disease. However a persons child could come up with sickle cell

8. ● There are 3 different types of sickle cell disease. ● Hemoglobin SS,or sickle cell anemia ● Hemoglobin SC disease ● Hemoglobin sickle beta- thalassemia ( thalassemiais a inheareted autosomal ressesive blood disorder)

9. HbSS,HbSC,andHbS beta- thalassemia ● In HbSS you inherit two sickle cell genes (“S”),and is usually the most severe form of the disease. ● In HbSC you inherit one sickle cell gene (“S”) from 1 parent,they get an abnormal hemoglobin ('c'). milder form of sickle cell disease. ● Hbs beta thalassemia :inhearit one sickle cell gene (“s”) from one parent and 1 gene for beta thalassmia from the other parent

10. There are 2 types of beta thalmassemia ● There is beta “o” and beta “t” ● “o” usally has a sever form of scd ● Hbs beta “t” tend to have a milder form of scd.

11. Inherited blood conditions ● Mostly infects african americans,but not exclusively. Main symptoms are : ● Pain all over the body at any time. Having it makes it harder to plan your life. ● This also affects people differently,it can either affect little or can affect a person a lot

12. How it was found ● Walter clement noel from grenada went to dr. james b. herrick with complaints of pain and symptoms of anemia. Herrick wasnt inrested in his case so dr. ernest irons examined noels blood under a microscope

13. ● dr. ernest irons was born in council bluffs,iowa on feb 17 1877. died in jan,1959 of a heart attack. ● He was working as an intern under james b. herrick. ● He brought the sickle cells to herricks attention after helping a patient with the disease.

14. dr.ernest irons

15. james b. herric k

16. Cure cure and no cure ● There is no widely availible cure.treatment can help resolve symptoms and treat complications. ● The treatments are to relieve pain,prevent infections, prevent organ damage and to prevent strokes. ● Bone and marrow stem cell transplants can cure a small number of people.

17. ● Researchers are continuing to look for new treatments for sickle cell disease. ● Treatments for pain -hydroxyurea -otc meds and fluids ● treatments for infections -daily doses of antibiotics -routine vaccinations ● Regular check ups

18. ● Sickle cell if tested with a blood test. If you have sickle cell you need to get regular check ups with a hematologist (blood specialist)

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20. Works cited ● http://www.news-medical.net/health/Sickle-Cell- Disease-History.aspx http://www.news-medical.net/health/Sickle-Cell- Disease-History.aspx ● http://wepsicklecell.org/about/ http://wepsicklecell.org/about/ ● http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health- topics/topics/sca/ http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health- topics/topics/sca/ ● http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/facts.html http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/facts.html ● http://www.sicklecell.howard.edu/ABriefHistoryofSickl eCellDisease.htm http://www.sicklecell.howard.edu/ABriefHistoryofSickl eCellDisease.htm ● http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health- topics/topics/sca/treatment.html