1. CLOZE PROCEDURE
Oral Communication

2. CONTENTS What is Cloze Procedure?
Characteristics/Varieties of Cloze Procedure
Difference between Cloze Procedure and Fill in the Blanks
Illustration through an Example
Teachers Action/Student Action & Purpose of Cloze Procedure
Advantages/Disadvantages of Cloze Procedure
Conclusion/Overview

3. What is Cloze Procedure?
A technique in which words are deleted from a passage according to a word- count formula or various other criteria
The passage is presented to students, who insert words as they read to complete and construct meaning from the text. This procedure can be used as a diagnostic reading assessment technique
CLOZE TEST:
It is the passage having blanks presented to the students to insert words
ARSLAN KHAN (03)

4. Characteristics of Cloze Procedure
Cloze test items consist of words that are deleted from a text after allowing a few sentences of introduction
The deletion rate is mechanically set, usually between every 5th and 8th
Candidates have to fill each gap by supplying the words they think has been deleted
ARSLAN KHAN (03)

5. Varieties of Cloze Procedure
FIXED RATIO METHOD:
Every word is indiscriminately deleted. n is its frequency that determines the number of deletions
The interval deletion of cloze test is between 3rd-11th word
The most widely favored for deletion:5th,6th and 7th
VARIABLE RATIO METHOD:
Variable ratio method omits only certain kind of words which the constructer thinks of the importance for a certain purposes, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives , adverbs, preposition etc.
Examples:
The age of my daughter is three. (age)
Hard work is key to success. (to)
MODIFIED FIXED RATIO METHOD:
Words are deleted on a regular counting basis but certain items are skipped. These items include name of persons, place, objects ,dates and months.
_____ is a bad boy.
I’m going to ______.
WAQAR NAZIR (41)

6. Difference between Cloze Procedure and Fill in the Blanks
The appearance of cloze and completion type or simple blank filling test/fill-in the blank is similar, butt they are different.
In Cloze Test,
The deleted words are not deleted subjectively but systematically. Besides it is over substantial portions of connected discourse (dealing with contextually interrelated series of blanks, not isolated ones).
In Fill in the blank test,
The blanks are constructed over single isolated sentences
WAQAR NAZIR (41)

7. Scoring Method adopted for Cloze Procedure
There are two methods of scoring the Cloze Procedure:
The Exact Word Scoring Method:
in which the completion is counted as correct as long as it is exactly the same as the original word being deleted from the text
The Approximate Word Scoring Method:
in which the correctness of an item is put on the basis of its suitability to the total surrounding of the text
WAQAR NAZIR (41)

8. Illustration through an Example
CLOZE PROCEDURE
Illustration through an Example
Choose a familiar or meaningful piece of text/passage to work on a particular reading skill. The passage can be from a story, rhyme or song.
Consider this paragraph:
Remembering Ma’s warning about the guards, Jessie pushed the door open slowly. When the crack between the door and the wall was wide enough, she peeked out. The door led to a long, dimly lit corridor. No one was in sight, so Jessie stepped out and shut the door. The floor of the corridor was smooth and shiny, with a pattern of alternating black and white squares. They glistened even in the dim light.
TAHA MUNIR (45)

9. Illustration through an Example
CLOZE PROCEDURE
Illustration through an Example
Now, opt to remove the words from the paragraph using any of the mentioned methods. Here, we have make use of Fixed-Ratio Method. Every fifth word is ‘marked’ i.e. underlined to be removed.
Have a look on the paragraph now:
Remembering Ma’s warning about the guards, Jessie pushed the door open slowly. When the crack between the door and the wall was wide enough, she peeked out. The door led to a long, dimly lit corridor. No one was in sight, so Jessie stepped out and shut the door. The floor of the corridor was smooth and shiny, with a pattern of alternating black and white squares. They glistened even in the dim light.
Note: There is no deletion in the first and the last line. This is to give bit knowledge of the passage to the students.
TAHA MUNIR (45)

10. Illustration through an Example
CLOZE PROCEDURE
Illustration through an Example
The ‘marked’ words are now deleted from the passage. And the passage is presented to the students as a C-Test.
The paragraph looks like this now:
Remembering Ma’s warning about the guards, _______ pushed the door open slowly. _______ the crack between the door _______ the wall was wide enough, _______ peeked out. The door led ____ a long, dimly lit corridor. _______ one was in sight, so _______ stepped out and shut the _______. The floor of the corridor _______ smooth and shiny, with a _______ of alternating black and white _______. They glistened even in the dim light.
The solutions of the students are then marked using the Scoring Methods mentioned in previous slides.
TAHA MUNIR (45)

11. Students continue as above
CLOZE PROCEDURE
WHAT DO TEACHERS DO!
WHAT DO STUDENTS DO!
Teacher introduces text. Teacher reads title and asks students what they think is going to happen
Students make predictions about the text. This also helps to set purposes for the shared reading. Students discuss their different predictions
Teacher reads to the first deletion and asks students to suggest a word that might come next
Students consider their predictions and use the extra context they have picked up from the teacher’s oral reading to suggest a word
When students have predicted a word, the teacher asks, “Why did you choose that word?” Teacher either confirms prediction or asks why it could not be right. Teacher encourages discussion of alternatives
Students have to justify their choice of words, using not only information from the text and any illustrations, but also their own knowledge. They predict and consider alternatives
Teacher reads to the next deletion, pauses, looks expectantly at the students
Students continue as above
NADIA TAHIR (47)

12. Cycle of Cloze Procedure
Justifying
Comparing
Discussing
Predicting
NADIA TAHIR (47)

13. Purpose of Cloze Procedure
Measure the entire knowledge which the learner have acquired
Measure some skills i.e. Writing and Reading Comprehension
Measure the knowledge of Grammar, Vocabulary and Socio Cultural elements
Used for informal assessment and instructional strategy
Use to help students in understanding of text/comprehension
NADIA TAHIR (47)

14. CLOZE PROCEDURE NADIA TAHIR (47) ADVANTAGES
Easy to Construct and Score
Relates to various language competences
Improves student’s spelling ability
Claims as a valid measure for reading comprehension test
Large number of items can be taken on relatively short text
DISADVANTAGES
Cannot check 4 skills in Language
Correct Answer can be found in the surrounding of the text
In C-Test, Truncated words can make testees confused
Takes long time to check
NADIA TAHIR (47)

15. OVERVIEW