1. Onshore, Offshore, Deep & Ultra-Deep Water E&P: Redefining the Mission Critical Communication Requirement The Challenge of Providing Telecommunications Services to a Big Energy Company Eng. Ângelo Canavitsas - M.Sc. Spectrum Manager - Petrobras Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20

2. 2 The pictures showed in this presentation is not necessarily from one of PETROBRAS systems, they are select from public sites only to illustrate the work. Remark Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20

3. 3 Introduction Onshore systems –Automation –Oil & gas pipelines Production in forest area –Aggressive environment Offshore –Exploitation evolution –Very deep water (pre-salt) –Air transportation –UAV monitoring Regulatory Issues Conclusion Schedule 10:00 -10:20 – Presentation 10:20 -10:30 – Questions & Answer Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Summary

4. 4 The oil & gas industry continues to represent a propulsive base segment to maintain the developing of the countries. This fact increases the activities of telecommunications sector, that is responsible to provide communications networking solutions. One area to be detached is the pre-salt exploitation that represents a new era to oil and gas production and a great challenging to engineers. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Introduction

5. 5 In the production phase, the oil can only come to the surface due to fluid pressure existing within the reservoir. The wells are called insurgents. When this not occurs, it takes additional energy from the ground to raise the well fluids to the surface. The mechanical pump is an artificial lift method, among several others. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Onshore systems

6. 6 Telecommunication connections to automation. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Onshore systems - Automation Telecommunication connections to automation.

7. 7 Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Onshore systems - Automation Telecommunication systems requirements to support automation. –Radio modem –Antennas –Redundancy –High Availability –Reliability sensors Radio Modem Radio Modem Radio Modem Radio Modem Field Telecommunication Network Local Area Network Main Station Server Clients Central Collecting station

8. 8 Automation frequency bands –5.8 GHz – unlicensed band (Line of sight is required) –2.4 GHz – unlicensed band (Line of sight is required) –1.5 GHz – licensed band (protected) – WIMAX –450 MHz – licensed band (protected) No protection against interference. Propagation mechanisms best suited to areas with rugged terrain. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Onshore systems - Automation

9. 9 Example of coverage area to automation. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Onshore systems - Automation

10. 10 The successful construction of pipelines, its maintenance and automation depends directly on reliable telecommunication services. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Onshore systems - Oil & pipelines

11. 11 The implemented solutions through terrestrial systems are communications in VHF (148 to 174 MHz) using repeaters and trunking UHF (800 MHz) systems. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Onshore systems - Oil & gas pipelines

12. 12 The equipment need to follow the NBR 14787 from Brazilian Association of Technical Standards - ABNT. Just intrinsically safe radios can operate in explosive atmosphere, like oil refineries and platforms. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Onshore systems - Oil & gas pipelines What rule are you following?

13. 13 Communications coverage along the pipelines. Intrinsically Safe Radios (Used in critical locations). Frequency bands (Affected by new regulatory issues). –VHF (148 to 174 MHz) – VHF system uses repeaters. –UHF (800 MHz) - Trunking system uses the radio base stations. Some part of the radios will be modernized, but the company still have old radios, which however, still has a long shelf life. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Onshore systems - Oil & pipelines

14. 14 The Urucu province is a huge complex of extracting oil and natural gas in the heart of the Amazon rainforest. The natural gas extracted from the mine has begun to flow Urucu to Manaus via a pipeline with 660 kilometers. Propagation in the forest is very complex, the coverage is reduced. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Production in forest area

15. 15 The pipe line from Urucu to Manaus has 660 kilometers. The forest goes slowly recovering the built-up areas, due to the action of rain and growth of trees and vegetation. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Production in Forest area - Aggressive environment

16. 16 Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Offshore - Exploitation evolution

17. 17 Distances from coast ≅ 350 km 17 Offshore - Very deep water (pre-salt)

18. 18 Campos Basin Floating production, storage and offloading - FPSO Floating platform Turret Jacket platform

19. 19 Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Offshore communication WIMAX technology – 3,5 GHz Satellite network (ku band) Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) –Aircraft equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers can transmit their location and altitude to other nearby aircraft and to air traffic control. VHF and UHF systems with repeaters to communicate with platforms and ships.

20. 20 N Campos dos Goytacazes Conceição de Macabu P-9 P-7 PPM-I P-15 P-21 P-12 P-13 PCE-I SS-11 P-8 PCH-I PNA-II PNA-I P-25 P-24 P-22 PVM-I PVM-II PPG-1A P-20 P-19 P-18 PCH-II PCP-I PCP-II PVM-III São Tomé heliport Aeroporto de Macaé Increasing Demand of Air Operations

21. 21 Air traffic control Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Offshore communication - Air transportation – ADS-B GPS constellation

22. 22 There is an intention to use UAV to monitor pipe lines and offshore areas, to take advance warning of any instances of anomalies. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - UAV

23. 23 Example of images acquired by a UAV into an area where there was an oil spill. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - UAV

24. 24 The areas monitoring with UAV can minimize accidents on oil industries. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - UAV

25. 25 The Brazilian Telecommunication Agency - ANATEL implemented some new rules to VHF, UHF and SHF frequency bands. Some of that changes affected PETROBRAS: 148 to 174 MHz – Digital transceiver / channel 12,5 KHz. 800 MHz – Digital modulation to trunking system. 3,5 GHz – WIMAX technology to use only to offshore from 50 km from the coast (private users). ADS-B and UAV need to follow the Aeronautical and ANATEL regulations. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Regulatory Issues

26. 26 Information in this presentation provides a good idea about the challenge of the telecommunications sector in keeping PETROBRAS communication with a high reliability in operation. Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20 Conclusion

27. 27 Thank you! Eng. Ângelo Canavitsas E-mail: canavitsas@petrobras.com.br Oil & Gas Communications, Rio de Janeiro, GVF Conference, April 19 & 20