1. Section 2-Polling Question
What is your favorite way to travel?
A. By car
B. By boat
C. By plane A B C

2. Chapter 10 Growth and Expansion (1790-1825)
Section 2 Westward Bound

3. How did land and water transportation affect westward expansion?
Essential Question
How did land and water transportation affect westward expansion?
How did land and water transportation affect westward expansion

4. Moving West The first census in the US took place in 1790
It revealed a population of almost 4 million
Most lived a few hundred miles from the Atlantic coast
Within a few decades this changed settlers moved farther west
1820 census- population of about 10 million people (2 million west of the Appalachians)
The trip west was not easy, the trip from New York City to Buffalo could take as long as 3 weeks

5. Roads and Turnpikes The nation needed good roads for trade
Private companies built turnpikes (toll roads)
Most roads had a crushed stone base
The land was muddy in some areas, so companies built “corduroy roads”
Ohio asked the federal government to create a road to connect it with the east
1806- Congress approved funds for a national road
Went from Baltimore, MD to Vandalia, Illinois (Through Columbus, Ohio)

6. A B C D What territory became a state in 1803? A. Indiana B. Louisiana
Section 2
What territory became a state in 1803?
A. Indiana
B. Louisiana
C. Michigan
D. Ohio A B C D

7. River Travel Had advantages over travel by wagon and horse
More comfortable
Boats could carry more
River travel had two problems
1. Most major rivers in the region flowed in a north-south direction
2. Traveling upstream by barge against the current was extremely difficult and slow

8. Steam Engines
Were used in the 1780s and 1790s to power boats in quiet waters
Early boats could not go against currents
Robert Fulton developed a powerful steamboat to carry cargo and passengers up the Hudson River
1807- Fulton’s steamboat, the Clermont, made the 150 mile trip from New York City to Albany
In 32 hours
With sails it would have taken 4 days

9. Steamboats Started a new age in river travel
Shipping goods became cheaper and faster
Regular steamboat service started along the Mississippi River
Steamboats contributed to the growth of river cities like Cincinnati and St. Louis
By 1850 there were some 700 steamboats carrying cargo and passengers in the US

10. Canals Steamboat routes depended on existing rivers
Steamboats could not tie together the eastern and western parts of the country
De Witt Clinton developed a plan to link New York City with the Great Lakes region
The plan was to built a canal across New York state
Would connect Albany on the Hudson River with Buffalo on Lake Erie

11. A B C D Why was the Erie Canal necessary?
Section 2
Why was the Erie Canal necessary?
A. The French and Spanish prevented travel on the Mississippi River.
B. Steamboats were unable to travel upstream to northern cities.
C. Most major rivers in the eastern United States flowed north to south.
D. Native Americans prevented travel on the National Road. A B C D

12. Building the Erie Canal
Thousands of laborers (Many Irish immigrants) worked on the construction of the 363 mile Erie Canal
A series of locks were built
Could raise and lower boats at places canal levels changed
Many dangers were involved in building the canals
After more than two years, the Erie Canal open on October 26, 1825
Clinton boarded a barge in Buffalo and traveled to Albany
Then down the Hudson to New York City

13. Improving Canal Travel
Steamboats could not travel on the Erie Canal in the early years
The powerful engines could damage the earthen embankments
Instead, teams of mules or horses hauled the boats and barges
This was still faster than wagon
1840s- The canal banks were reinforced to accommodate steam tugboats that could pull the barges
More canals were then built
By there were more than 3,600 miles of canals
Canals lowered the cost of shipping and linked the regions of the growing country

14. Western Settlement
Between 1816 and 1821, 5 new western states were created
Indiana, Illinois, Mississippi, Alabama, and Missouri
There was a rapid growth of population west of the Appalachian Mountains
Families settled in communities near rivers
Families gathered together for social events
Men wrestled, women quilted
Families gathered for cornhusking
American population continued to spread westward

15. Section 2
Why did pioneer families tend to setting in communities along major rivers?
A. To gain greater protection from Native Americans
B. To make it easier for them to travel east
C. Because they provided fresh drinking water
D. So that they could more easily ship their crops to market A B C D

16. How did land and water transportation affect westward expansion?
Essential Question
How did land and water transportation affect westward expansion?
1. Better roads allowed easier travel and cheaper shipping
2. Steamboats brought cheaper and faster shipping and spurred the growth of river cities
3. The Erie Canal and other canals made shipping cheaper, encouraged the growth of towns, and united the country
How did land and water transportation affect westward expansion
1. Better roads allowed easier travel and cheaper shipping
2. Steamboats brought cheaper and faster shipping and spurred the growth of river cities
3. The Erie Canal and other canals made shipping cheaper, encouraged the growth of towns, and united the country

17. Westward travelers paid tolls to private companies in order to use sections of roads that had been laid with crushed stone or logs.
True
False

18. Though steamboats made the shipping of goods cheaper and faster, they also caused a loss of business to river cities such as Cincinnati and St. Louis.
True
False

19. Canals lowered the cost of shipping goods, united the growing country across great distances, and brought prosperity to towns along their routes.
True
False

20. The National Road went as far west as
Mansfield, Ohio
Cincinnati, Ohio
Vandalia, Illinois
Indianapolis, Indiana

21. Pioneer families tended to settle in communities
Far from others
Near the sea
Along the rivers
On railroads

22. Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1
Participant 2
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5

23. Team Scores
Team 1
Team 2
Team 3
Team 4
Team 5