1. Settling the South
Chapter 7 Lesson 1
Pages

2. Objectives
Describe the location & physical setting of the Southern Colonies.
Explain why the Southern Colonies were founded.
Discuss how slavery affected the Southern Colonies.

3. Vocabulary Constitution – written plan of government
Debtors – people who had been put in prison for owing money
Backcountry – the land between the coastal plain and the Appalachian Mountains

4. The Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina
Georgia

5. Maryland Founded by: The Calverts, rich English landowners
Why: $$$ and REFUGE for Catholics
When: 1633
Owner: George Calvert (died before King gave charter), so Cecilius Calvert, AKA Lord Baltimore
1633 – 1st group arrives
Most are indentured servants
Potomac River
1st settlement – St. Mary’s City

6. What were the reasons for founding the Maryland Colony?
To make money
To serve as a refuge for Catholics

7. Farming in Maryland Tobacco Some large plantations Indentured Servants
Given land (by government)
Clothes
Tools
Barrels of corn

8. Government in Maryland
Had governors and assembly
Calverts controlled proprietary colony
1649 – Toleration Act Passed – religious freedom to all Christians in Colony
1702 – Anclican Church become colony’s official church

9. Virginia 1607 – Jamestown Royal Colony (King Controlled)
Tobacco main crop
House of Burgesses

10. Feature Comparison Royal Colony Tobacco – CASH Crop Mild Climate
Virginia
Maryland
Royal Colony
Tobacco – CASH Crop
Mild Climate
Fertile Soil
On Chesapeake
Governor & Assembly
Proprietary Colony
Tobacco
Settled for $$ and Catholics
Mild Climate
Fertile Soil
On Potomac River
Governor & Assembly
Feature Comparison

11. What features did Maryland & Virginia share?
Chesapeake Bay & Potomac River
Mild Climate
Tobacco farming
Similar Governments

12. Why were Maryland and Virginia suited to growing tobacco?
Mild Climate
Fertile Soil along Coastal Plain

13. Carolina Colonies When: 1663 King Charles II – granted land
Who: divided among 8 English leaders called Lords Proprietors
Why: Virginia & Maryland crowded - moved south for land
1669 – Constitution
Hard to govern – large; colonists disobeyed laws

14. Split in 1712 Comparison Crops: Corn & Tobacco Couldn’t grow tobacco
North Carolina
South Carolina
Crops: Corn & Tobacco
Couldn’t grow tobacco
Land to wet
Enslaved Africans – RICE
RICE becomes cash crops
Africans make up most of the population
Split in 1712 Comparison

15. Why was Carolina Colony hard to govern?
Large
Colonist ignored laws they didn’t like

16. What role did enslaved Africans play in the South Carolina colony?
They knew how to grow rice, which becomes their cash crop.

17. Georgia When: 1733 Who: James Oglethorpe Why: to send debtors
Savannah – 1st settlement
Named after King George II
Reason: England, France, & Spain all claimed land south of SC
King wanted to send people to protect & gain control of area

18. Slavery in Georgia Leaders limited size of farms Did not allow slavery
NO plantations
1751 – leaders decided to allow slavery
In turn, Plantations grew
Economy of Georgia grew due to:
Plantations
Slaves

19. Why did James Olgethorpe found Georgia Colony?
To defend England’s claim to the Southern Colonies
And
To give debtors a new start

20. What happened in Georgia once slavery was allowed?
Georgia’s economy grew and depended on Plantations & Slaves

21. Heading WEST Most settled along Atlantic Coast (Coastal Plain)
Few in Piedmont (land between Coastal Plain and Appalachians) – AKA Backcountry

22. Great Wagon Road Mid-1700’s
Hard travel: thick forests, steep hills, few roads
PA – Germans move to Backcountry of VA & Carolinas
Native American Trail large enough for wagons
Passed Shenandoah Valley – eastern side of Blue Ridge Mountains

23. The Great Wagon Road

24. Why was it hard to reach the backcountry?
Thick forests
Steep hills
Few roads

25. How did the first settlers reach the backcountry?
A Native American trail

26. Conflicts with Native Americans
More colonists arrive = more conflict
TUSCARORA WAR
In NC
German & Swiss destroy Tuscarora village
Native Americans then not treated fairly
Native Americans attack – goal scare off settlers
War ended 1713
950 Tuscarora had been killed, captured, or sold into slavery

27. Conflicts Continued Pushed off lands
Captured – sent to West Indies (Sugar)
Died Fighting
Died of diseases: smallpox & measles
Forced to move West to unclaimed land

28. Many were killed or captured Others moved west
What effect did settlers have on Native Americans in the Southern Colonies?
Many were killed or captured
Others moved west

29. Who founded the Maryland Colony for Catholics?
Lord Baltimore

30. What document allowed religious freedom to all Christians in Maryland?
Toleration Act

31. Describe the area included in the original colony of Carolina.
From Virginia to Spanish Florida

32. What colony did James Oglethorpe help found?
Georgia

33. What region does backcountry refer?
The Piedmont

34. Where did most enslaved Africans work in the Southern Colonies?
On Plantations

35. What was the cash crop for the northern area of the Southern Colonies?
tobacco

36. What was the cash crop grown in the southern areas of South Carolina?
Rice

37. What caused conflict between Southern Colonies & Native Americans?
Land
Destroyed villages
Native Americans not treated justly
Captured, Sold, or Killed
Many died of disease

38. The End