1. Thoughts on sustainability of PEA Solar Home Systems for PEA 14 Mar, 2548 Chris Greacen Palang Thai www.palangthai.org

2. Outline Review of PEA solar home systems in 3 villages in Tak province Karen solar training 17-23 February, 2005 How can we work together to ensure sustainability? Karen Solar Sustainability Team

3. Review of PEA solar home systems in 3 villages in Amphur Tha Song Yang, Tak Province Date visited: 6 Jan, 2005

4. Good news first! Large majority of systems (93%) were working People like them Systems are well-sized Installation of wiring in homes done very well

5. Problems observed (n=105 systems) Manufacturing defect –Missing connector in module junction box (1 system) –Diode with wrong polarity in module j-box (1 system) –Controller/inverter early failure (2 systems) Installation defect –PV installed in shaded location (several systems) –Controller installed under leaky roof (1 systems) User error –Bypass broken controller (several systems) Bypassed wrong -- reverse polarity burns diode (1 system) –Inverter destroyed by paralleling output of 2 inverters (2 systems) Difficulty making warranty claim –Villagers do not know who to contact when system breaks under warranty

6. Manufacturing defect: Missing connector correct missing Consequence: module never worked

7. Manufacturing defect: Diode with wrong polarity Correct polarityIncorrect polarity Consequence: module never worked

8. Installation/manufacturing defect: Shaded installation 14:00 Sa Ke Kla village

9. User error: bypassed controller  battery overcharge 1.Villager bypasses broken controller and charges battery directly from PV 2.Battery over-charged. Electrolyte level drops and plates are exposed to air. Battery fails. 1 2

10. User error: Controller bypass leads to burned diode 1.Villager bypasses broken controller and charges battery directly from PV 2.One mistake of reverse battery polarity blows up bypass diode in PV junction box, melting junction box. 1 2

11. Warranty claim problems If system breaks, villagers don’t know who to contact Villagers not informed of warranty –5 year PV module –3 year controller/inverter –2 year battery Some have contacted Tak PEA office, but so far with no result.

12. Solar electric training 17-23 Feb, 2005 Mae Sa Pau village, Tak Province

13. Training: Participants build 6 systems

14. Training: solar site selection

15. Training: operations and maintenance

16. Retrofit/repair broken PEA SHS

17. Repair broken DEDE battery charging station

18. How PEA can help ensure sustainability… Encourage installers make sure the system works when it is installed – including electricity coming from PV. Please provide us with an electronic copy of a spreadsheet of all installations in Tak province, including: –Household number –Village name & number –Amphur Please suggest to us how we can help villagers to get systems repaired under warranty For future installations, include GPS coordinates (accurate to 10 meters) for every system installed.

19. Karen Solar Sustainability Team Basic idea (1)Training villagers about operations and maintenance AND (2) Training ampur-level technicians to repair systems will… (A)ensure systems last longer AND (B) save on warranty costs

20. Karen Solar Sustainability Team Mae Sot Ampur

21. Karen Solar Sustainability Team Palang Thai / Green Empowerment provide technical training workshops and hands-on training for technician apprentices Technicians will: –Survey systems –Fix easy problems –Help process warrantee claims & recycle batteries –Sell distilled water, sell light bulbs, etc. –Train villagers to keep systems working well

22. Is PEA interested in helping by… Providing information / coordination? Providing funding for local technicians? Making Karen Solar Sustainability Team a warranty repair center?

23. For more information Contact: Tel. 02-674-2533 chris@palangthai.org www.palangthai.org