1. Trauma and Recovery in Virginia Woolf ’ s Mrs. Dalloway By Karen DeMeester. Modern Fiction Studies 44 (1998): 649-73. Reported by Anne Chen

2. The Psychological Effects of Trauma The fragmentation of consciousness A loss of faith in the ideologies of the past Chronological and spatial confusion Seclusion in the closed system of his private, subjective consciousness Repression by past memories & society

3. Woolf ’ s narrative corresponds to trauma Woolf’s stream-of-consciousness narrative form corresponds to the trauma survivor’s perception of time: intermingling the past and future with the present Woolf’s narratives is identical to the trauma survivor’s perception of space: using repetition to show the closed system of subjective consciousness

4. Septimus as a trauma survivor The past becomes the force of repression War neurosis is the result of a shattered sense of identity Septimus’s neurosis comes to be a disturbance to communicate with others He is resisted by members of the community (Dr. Holmes & Sir William Bradshaw) No recovery: destroy the meaningful recovery from the war

5. Clarissa as a trauma survivor Her faith in social convention as a means of ordering a post-traumatic world—her party To conform the social ideologies, she feels the loss of individuality and identity– sense of being herself invisible; unseen; unknown Recovery: recommit herself to a life and returns to her party but life lacks meaning and vitality