1. Cancer

2. Who gets cancer? One million each year ____ men 1/3 women Any age –However, 77% dx ages 55 + Incidence rate varies

3. What Causes Cancer? Primary Contributors: –Behavior & Lifestyle Smoking Diet ____________ Exposure to ultraviolet light Sexual Behavior Other Contributors: –Genetics –Environment

4. What is Cancer? Out-of-control growth of abnormal cells Damaged _______ –Can be inherited –Can be environment

5. Forms as a tumor (usually) –Not all tumors are cancerous –e.g., ___________ (non-cancerous) tumors 2 nd leading cause of death in U.S.

6. Common Cancer Types ________________ Bladder Breast Colon & Rectal Endometrial Kidney (Renal Cell) Leukemia Lung Melanoma Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Pancreatic Prostate Thyroid

7. What can you do? The risk of developing most types of cancer can be reduced by changes in a person’s ____________. Today, millions are either living with or have been cured of the disease. The sooner cancer is found and treatment begins, the better the chances of being cured.

8. Melanoma Joshua Keller

9. Skin Cancer One of the more common cancers Three basic types: Squamous cell, Basal cell, and Melanoma Melanoma – Begins in ____________, which are cells that are responsible for our pigment which is called melanin. (The Melanoma Research Foundation)

10. Melanoma Most ____________ cancer of the skin Melanocytes Lower Epidermis Melanin Production

11. 5 Stages Stages 1-2 are still dealing with epidermis By stage 3 the cancer has metastasized to the ________ _________ By stage 4 cancer has spread to multiple organs By stage 5 the body is overwhelmed with the cancer

12. What to Look for Learn what to look for. __________ (Nevi) are normal (on average between 10 and 40) Potential melanoma ( Know Your ABCD’s)

13. ABCD’s Asymmetrical Border Irregularity __________ varied Diameter larger (The Melanoma Research Foundation)

14. Facts Can occur on any skin surface Also occurs in other ____________ More likely in __________-skinned Caucasians Increased risk as you age One of the most common cancers among young people http://www.cancerventer.com

15. More facts Epidemic growth at 3% every year Melanoma 5% of all skin cancers Currently more new cases each year than ____________ Why such an increase? Sun exposure More sun exposure (The Melanoma Research Foundation)

16. Increasing Risk Severe Sunburns Tanning Misconceptions Fair skin www.cancer.gov/newscen ter/individualmelanoma

17. Important!!!!!! Remember ____________ Limit sun exposure Consistently check your body

18. Breast Cancer Jenni Sanders

20. Risk Factors oAge: very uncommon ___________________ oFamily history: higher if her mother, sister, or daughter had it before 40 oObesity: higher levels of estrogen in these women National Cancer Institute. (2003). What you need to know about breast cancer. (NIH Publication No. 03-1556). Bethesda, MD: U.S.

21. oPhysical inactivity: ↓ activity ↑ risk o________ beverages: ↑ __________ intake ↑ risk oOthers: personal history, reproductive and menstrual history, race, radiation exposure, taking DES Risk Factors Cont.

22. Diagnostics oMammogram, MRI, PET, Ultrasonography, Biopsy ~MRI is the new leader in detection for women with hereditary risk (Robson and Offit, 2004) oSelf-Exam ~Monthly ~Does not replace regular screening National Cancer Institute. (2003). What you need to know about breast cancer. (NIH Publication No. 03-1556). Bethesda, MD: U.S. http://www.mri.jhu.edu/~db luemke/Breast_MRI_pic.ht ml

23. Diagnostics Cont. oClinical Breast Exam oSymptoms ~Lump or thickening in breast or underarm areas ~_______________ ~Change in appearance ~Fluid National Cancer Institute. (2003). What you need to know about breast cancer. (NIH Publication No. 03-1556). Bethesda, MD: U.S.

24. Stages oStage 0 : ~ Lobular ~ Ductal oStage 1: ~ Tumor is no more than 2cm, cells contained in breast only oStage 2: ~ No more than 2cm, ___________ has occurred, or ~ Tumor size 2-5cm, may have spread, or ~ Tumor is larger than 5cm, no spreading National Cancer Institute. (2003). What you need to know about breast cancer (NIH Publication No. 03-1556). Bethesda, MD: U.S.

25. oStage 3: ~ May be large but no spreading, called “____________ cancer” IIIa: spreading to underarm lymph nodes IIIb: tumor has grown into chest wall or skin of the breast IIIc: more lymph node spreading other than underarm nodes oStage 4: ~ ____________ cancer ~ Other parts of body affected Stages Cont.

26. Treatments o____________ therapy: surgery and radiation ~ Surgery is the most common Includes lumpectomy or mastectomy options ~ Radiation usually after surgery National Cancer Institute. (2003). What you need to know about breast cancer (NIH Publication No. 03-1556). Bethesda, MD: U.S.

27. Treatments Cont. o____________ therapy: chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, biological therapy ~ Chemotherapy: drugs injected or a pill ~ Hormonal therapy: Use of a drug to block estradiol Surgery to remove ovaries ~ Biological therapy Herceptin: a monoclonal antibody National Cancer Institute. (2003). What you need to know about breast cancer (NIH Publication No. 03-1556). Bethesda, MD: U.S.

28. Statistics o“A woman’s chance of being diagnosed with breast cancer is: from age 30 through age 39...... 0.44 percent (often expressed as “1 in 229”) from age 40 through age 49...... 1.46 percent (often expressed as “1 in 68”) from age 50 through age 59...... 2.73 percent (often expressed as “1 in 37”) from age 60 through age 69...... 3.82 percent (often expressed as “1 in 26”).” American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2005-2006. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, Inc.

29. Statistics Cont.

30. oOverall Survival Rate After 5 years- 88% After 10 years- 80% After 15 years- 71% After 20 years- ____% American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2005-2006. Atlanta: American Cancer Society, Inc.

31. Cancer Prevention Elizabeth Hill

32. General Prevention _______________________: DFN- the use of natural or synthetic substances to reduce the risk of developing cancer or to reduce the chance that cancer will recur. National Cancer Institute (http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopicss/factsheet/Prevention/chemoprevention)

33. General Prevention cont. ____________ and Cancer Prevention: compounds slow or prevent the growth of tumor cells Red Wine & Cancer Prevention: Polyphenols National Cancer Institue (http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet

34. Breast Cancer Prevention Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) DFN- drugs that have some anti-estrogen properties and some estrogen-like properties

35. Breast Cancer Prevention cont. Tamoxifen -Breast Cancer Prevention trial

36. Breast Cancer Prevention cont. Preventive mastectomy DFN- surgery to remove one or both ____________ in effort to prevent or reduce the risk of breast cancer

37. Breast Cancer Prevention cont. Procedures Involved Total mastectomy _____________________ mastectomy -Reduce risk by about 90% Information on the past four slides was obtained from: National Cancer Institute (http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/breast/Patient/page2)

38. Skin Cancer Prevention Limit direct sun exposure between ___ am to 4pm Cover up Use sunscreen w/ SPF of 15 or higher

39. Skin Cancer Prevention Cont. Wear sunglasses that block UV rays Avoid tanning __________________________ Information on the past two slides was retrieved from: (http://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/pe d_7_1_Skin_Cancer_Detection_What _You_Can_Do.asp?sitearea=PEDhttp://www.cancer.org/docroot/PED/content/pe d_7_1_Skin_Cancer_Detection_What

40. Tips for Daily Cancer Prevention 1.Stop Smoking! 2.Eat a healthy diet 3.Use alcohol in moderation

41. Tips for Daily Cancer Prevention 4.Avoid exposure to UV rays 5.Exercise ____________ 6. Recognizing occupational & environmental hazards Information on the past two slides was retrieved from: Journal of the American Medical Association (Ovid: Torpy:JAMA, Volume291(20).May 26, 2004.2510