1. New Technology Feeder Systems Advanced Transit Association Seminar May 4-5, 2007 West Virginia University Morgantown, W V Robert Johnson R. E. Johnson Consulting Rockville, Maryland www.autoroadvehicles.com

2. www.autoroadvehicles.com2 New Technology for Small People Movers Electronics replace mechanical parts Lateral control: steers like a car On-board power supply, usually batteries Guideway is just exclusive, light duty road Often called Automated Road Vehicles New technology may not always be best (wide guideway, snow removal issues)

3. www.autoroadvehicles.com3 Examples of New Technology Vehicles ParkShuttle Minibus ULTra Personal Rapid Transit CyberCab PRT/Microbus

4. www.autoroadvehicles.com4 ParkShuttle Minibus Has carried the public on one-mile route near Rotterdam 20-25 passengers 20 mph (32 kph) lead-acid batteries, recharges in off-peak

5. www.autoroadvehicles.com5 ULTra Personal Rapid Transit Vehicle Scheduled to begin service at Heathrow airport, London in 2008 Four passengers 25 mph (40 kph) Battery powered

6. www.autoroadvehicles.com6 CyberCab PRT/Microbus Designed by same company that developed the ParkShuttle 6 passengers 25 mph (32 kph)

7. www.autoroadvehicles.com7 Proposed Interior Showing Two Fold-Down Seats

8. www.autoroadvehicles.com8 At-Grade Exclusive Roadway

9. www.autoroadvehicles.com9 ULTra One-Way Elevated Guideway

10. www.autoroadvehicles.com10 Tunnel Under Cross Street

11. www.autoroadvehicles.com11 Principles of Operation Shared service, not private Minimum headway: 5-10 seconds Maximum grade: 10 % Low interior headroom means all seated, but acceleration and jerk limits set for standees –Wheelchairs not secured –Can’t be sure all passengers are seated

12. www.autoroadvehicles.com12 Two-Way Guideways Other lane is emergency walkway Two-way is not twice as expensive Direct routes reduce vehicle miles Easier to put two-way guideway at grade; must have grade separation to allow access to area within a one-way loop

13. www.autoroadvehicles.com13 End-of-Line Station Vehicles back out of berths into turn-around area

14. www.autoroadvehicles.com14 Guideway Routing Place guideways at grade whenever possible Stations at grade eliminate elevator costs Run guideways behind buildings, not in front If possible, guideways should cross streets, not run along them

15. www.autoroadvehicles.com15 Layout of Feeder Systems for the Morgantown PRT All are a single two-way line, no branches Most have stations at end points only One system also has a center platform station along the line

16. www.autoroadvehicles.com16 Four possible feeder systems for the Morgantown PRT

17. www.autoroadvehicles.com17 Research Park Extension

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21. www.autoroadvehicles.com21 Sunnyside Line - Detail

22. www.autoroadvehicles.com22 Operating Parameters * Based on maximum speed of 25 mph (40 kph)

23. www.autoroadvehicles.com23 Approximate Unit Capital Costs Two-way elevated guideway: $10M / mile, not strongly dependent on vehicle weight Two-way at-grade: $1.5M - 3M / mile + land 6-passenger vehicles: $150K - 200K 20-passenger vehicles: $500K Central control: $200K ? per system, but some savings if multiple systems

24. www.autoroadvehicles.com24 Additional Data Needed for System Costs Unit capital costs for stations Site specific construction costs Unit operating costs for vehicles Other O & M costs Operating policy, for example maximum wait time in the off peak Patronage

25. www.autoroadvehicles.com25 Benefits Student / Faculty / Staff mobility Removing cars from streets improves traffic flow for all drivers Reduced need for expensive parking structures Increased value of land near stations

26. For more information on Automated Road Vehicles please see: www.autoroadvehicles.com