1. F08 – 72 – OUTGRESP First Contingency Outage Response for SIUC Client: SIUC Physical Plant Engineering Services Team Members:Rudy Probst, EE Kyle Moore, EE Terry Campanella, PM, EE/CpE Clint Frederick, EE Phil Craig, EE Tanner Jones, EE Faculty Advisor: Dr. Constantine Hatziadoniu Client Contact: Steve Lazorchak, PE

2. Outline of Topics Executive Summary – Rudy Description, Options, and Justification – Kyle Mechanical Considerations Subsystem – Terry System Protection Subsystem – Clint Universal Transformer Subsystem – Phil Summary – Tanner

3. Executive Summary Issue: Major transformer failure Summer 2008 causing a major outage Project: Reduce outage time Typically SIUC reacts to failure instead of preparation

4. Executive Summary Expectations ◦ Feeder diagram for fault protection ◦ Emergency transformer ◦ Mechanical restrictions ◦ Outage plan Outcome ◦ Simulation of feeder diagram ◦ Transformer recommendation ◦ Recommendations to reduce outage time

5. Executive Summary Results ◦ Feeder diagram not as accurate as desired ◦ On time ◦ On budget Estimated cost to implement: ~$92,000 Time to implement: Estimated 8 months Cost of study: $0

6. Options Investigated Do nothing Purchase 1 transformer Purchase 2 transformers Mobile transformer 3 banked single-phase transformers Form consortium to share costs

7. Option Chosen Purchase two transformers ◦ Covers both 480V and 208V transformers ◦ Covers most indoor transformers on feeder 7 Investigate consortium option ◦ Many other institutions have similar issues ◦ Coverage against failure of two transformers with same secondary voltage

8. Subsystems Flowcharts First Contingency Outage Response for SIUC Mechanical Considerations System Protection Universal Transformer Replacement Implementing recommendations: ◦ Will reduce outage time at least eight hours ◦ Saves money after five uses of each transformers

9. Cost and Time to Implement Costs ◦ Two $46,000 transformers ◦ Storage facility Time ◦ Analyze, confirm, and design replacement : 20 man-hours ◦ Finalize contracts to build: eight man-hours ◦ Prepare storage area: unknown ◦ Develop plan to replace transformers: 58 man-hours

10. Mechanical Considerations Engineering C – 2 transformers ◦ No clear pathway to the surface ◦ Tunnels covered with desks, coal samples, chairs, file cabinets, etc. ◦ Will have to avoid steam piping and ledges

11. Replacement Location Limited by breaker handles ◦ Block pathway to open area of electrical room Wide open space at backside of electrical room ◦ Need cabling to avoid access locations ◦ Nails in ceiling limit ability to run cabling

12. Limiting Factors

13. Problems at Arena

14. Ideal Tunnel…

15. Actual Tunnel…

16. System Protection Ensure that replacement transformers and the electrical system will be properly protected against fault currents Chose feeder seven to do a protection study Built a model in EasyPower System data

17. System Protection Replaced the present transformers with our specified replacement transformers ◦ 1000 kVA 12,470 V Δ – 4160 V Δ / 480 V Y %Z = 4.5 ◦ 1000 kVA 12,470 V Δ – 4160 V Δ / 208 V Y %Z = 4.5 Ran the simulation

18. Time-Current Characteristic Curve

19. Universal Transformer Must be electrically and mechanically compatible Several options considered Fourteen of fifteen transformers 208 V or 480 V secondary voltage Thirteen of fifteen transformers rated 1000 kVA or less Most outdoor transformers are non- critical

20. Mobile Transformer Determined to be non-feasible Cable length to transformer location presents problems ◦ Voltage drop ◦ Safety hazards ◦ Security of power system

21. Summary Reduce outage periods Save money for SIUC Recommend database for all power equipment at SIUC Estimated cost to implement: ~$92,000 Time to implement: estimated 8 months

22. Summary - Acknowledgements Steve Lazorchak Damon Adams Rob Estes Justin Harrell Rick Martin Joe Wolfe Keith Field Mrs. Purcell Dr. Hatziadoniu