1. Communication Markets Division 1 Key Decision Points for FTTP Implementation June 27, 2007 Thomas E. Bludau Mgr, FTTP Business Development 3M Communication Markets Division

2. Communication Markets Division 2 Type of FTTP Network Architecture –FTTP Networks –P2P vs PON FTTP Deployment Scenarios –Greenfield vs Overlay FTTP Outside Plant Construction –Aerial vs Buried/Underground PON Splitting: Centralized vs Distributed OSP Network Design Distribution Cable: Ribbon vs LBT Connectors Terminals Drop Termination Method Training 3M Communication Markets Division Key Decision Points for FTTP Implementation: Outline

3. Communication Markets Division 3 3M Communication Markets Division Type of FTTP Network Architecture = Buildings That We Work In Small Business Unit (SBU) Multi-Tenant Unit (MTU) SBU Single Tenant Unit (STU)

4. Communication Markets Division 4 3M Communication Markets Division Type of Network Architecture = Buildings That We Live In High-Rise Multi- Dwelling Unit (MDU) Condo or Apartment Leased or Owned 10+ Floors/Stories 128+ Living Units (LU) Internal residential entry Medium-Rise Multi- Dwelling Unit (MDU) Condo or Apartment Leased or Owned Up to 10 Floors/Stories 12 to 128 Living Units (LU) Internal residential entry Single Family Unit (SFU) Leased or Owned 1 or 2 Floors/Stories One Living Unit (LU) External residential entry Small Size Multi- Dwelling Unit (MDU) Condo, Townhome, or Apartment Also called Garden Style or Horizontal Style Leased or Owned Up to 3 Floors/Stories Up to 12 Living Units (LU) External residential entry

5. Communication Markets Division 5 Fiber to the Premises (FTTP) PON - Centralized Splitting 3M Communication Markets Division Types of Fiber Networks for Single Family Units ODFODF OLTOLT ONT CO Fiber Distribution CableFiber Drop CableFiber Feeder Cable Fiber Terminal No Couplers/Splitters, serves a consolidation function for 4-8 HHs Distribution fiber dedicated from the Fiber Distribution Hub to CPE Distribution fiber connected to drop Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) Houses 1x32 couplers/splitters Feeder & distribution fiber interconnection point Central Office Contains the OLT & ODF All switching is done in the CO Fiber Count 1 per 32 HHs1 per HH with reassignables Copper cable in the premises

6. Communication Markets Division 6 3M Communication Markets Division Type of Fiber Networks for MDU/MTU: Fiber to the Premises/Home/Living Unit TC ER ODFODF OLTOLT CO ONT Fiber Outside PlantCopper Plant in the Premises Fiber Riser Plant

7. Communication Markets Division 7 ODFODF OTEOTE ONT CO 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP P2P vs PON – P2P Definition Fiber Distribution CableFiber Drop CableFiber Feeder Cable Fiber Terminals No Couplers/Splitters Distribution fiber spliced or connected to drop fiber Opto-Electronic Cabinet Contains the Ethernet switch & fiber interconnect panels; fiber interconnect may be in a separate cabinet Requires AC powering Central Office Contains the ODF and OTE – optical transmission equipment (DWDM, SONET/SDH) Fiber Count 2 - 10 per 1000 HHs1 or 2 per HH Point-to-point - a network providing dedicated fiber from each subscriber to active electronic equipment located at a mid- point in the network; ex. P2P switched Ethernet IEEE 802 EFM – Ethernet in the First Mile Benefits: higher BW, greater security

8. Communication Markets Division 8 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP P2P vs PON: PON Definition ODFODF OLTOLT ONT CO Fiber Distribution CableFiber Drop CableFiber Feeder Cable Fiber Terminal No Couplers/Splitters, serves a consolidation function for 4-8 HHs Distribution fiber dedicated from the Fiber Distribution Hub to CPE Distribution fiber connected to drop Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) Houses 1x32 or 1x16 couplers/splitters, typically Feeder & distribution fiber interconnection point Central Office Contains the OLT & ODF All switching is done in the CO Fiber Count 1 per 32 HHs1 per HH Passive Optical Network - network in which bandwidth traveling over fiber is shared among multiple users, via the use of splitters. Ethernet (E), Broadband (B), Gigabit (G), Gigabit Ethernet (Ge) Benefits: no remote actives, easy to provide Triple Play, fewer ports needed

9. Communication Markets Division 9 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP – PON Standards Source: Tellabs

10. Communication Markets Division 10 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Full Build vs Overlay Architectures Full Build in Greenfield Areas –Built to serve all homes & businesses –Commonly used for greenfield applications Overlay –For settled neighborhoods for broadband service demand and plant upgrade (relief & rehab) –Deployed alongside existing copper twisted-pair plant –Network Characteristics Feeder & distribution plant passes all households Electronics added as customers transition Fiber Distribution Hub (similar to a copper cross-connect) provides interconnection between feeder & distribution –Defers capital, costs are subscriber penetration driven –Rate of transition driven by demand for broadband services and repair costs associated with existing plant

11. Communication Markets Division 11 3M Communication Markets Division Estimated US FTTP Costs per Household (HH) ODFODF OLTOLT ONT CO OSP Costs per Household (HH) PassedConnect Costs per HHOLT & CO Costs per HH 2005 - $250+ 2006 - $200+ 2005 - $1,200 2006 - $900 2005 - $1,100 2006 - $850

12. Communication Markets Division 12 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP OSP Plant Network Construction: Buried/UG Plant Direct buried in greenfield, most economical Rear lot line vs front lot line construction Overlay builds disruptive to established neighborhoods, directional boring used to reduce disruption Below-Grade Example Issues: impact on existing plant and other utilities, plant locating for all dielectric cable, installation costs, ROW easements

13. Communication Markets Division 13 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP OSP Plant Network Construction: Aerial Plant Ideal for overlay builds Less expensive on a first-cost basis Options –Overlashing to existing plant –New pole line construction –New construction on joint use poles Issues: pole line attachment fees, vertical space limitations, higher maintenance costs, “Mother Nature”

14. Communication Markets Division 14 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP – PON OSP Plant Network Architecture: Centralized Splitting ODFODF OLTOLT ONT CO Fiber Distribution CableFiber Drop CableFiber Feeder Cable Fiber Terminal No Couplers/Splitters, serves a consolidation function for 4-8 HHs Distribution fiber dedicated from the Fiber Distribution Hub to CPE Distribution fiber connected to drop Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) Houses 1x32 or 1x16 couplers/splitters, typically Feeder & distribution fiber interconnection point Central Office Contains the OLT & ODF All switching is done in the CO Fiber Count 1 per 32 HHs1 per HH

15. Communication Markets Division 15 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP – PON OSP Plant Network Architecture: Distributed Splitting ODFODF OLTOLT ONT CO Fiber Distribution CableFiber Drop CableFiber Feeder Cable Fiber Terminals Houses 1x4 or 1x8 couplers/splitters Dedicated fiber from terminal to CPE Distribution fiber spliced to coupler/splitter Drop fiber connected to coupler Fiber Distribution Hub (FDH) Houses 1x4 or 1x8 couplers/splitters Feeder & distribution fiber interconnection point Fiber Count 1 per 32 HHs1 per 4 or 8 HHs Central Office Contains the OLT & ODF All switching is done in the CO

16. Communication Markets Division 16 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP-PON Splitting: Centralized vs Distributed Centralized Benefits –Easier to test and troubleshoot –Defers investment in OLT electronics and splitters until needed –Centralized access point for maintenance –Lower signal loss –Assures higher splitter and OLT electronics utilization Distributed Benefits –Lower distribution cable fiber count –Less fiber needed in the distribution plant

17. Communication Markets Division 17 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP-PON OSP Plant Network Design: Below-Grade Branch Closure w/ Terminal ODFODF OLTOLT CO PAD Mount FDH Distribution Closure Feeder Closure Vault Closure Terminal Handhole Terminal Closure One Closure per 2 – 4 terminals Terminals with pre-terminated stubs One terminal per 4 HHs Hermetically-Sealed terminals & closures

18. Communication Markets Division 18 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP-PON OSP Plant Network Design: Aerial Strand-Mount, Loop-Through ODFODF OLTOLT ONT CO ONT Pole Mount FDH Strand Mount Closure Strand Mount Terminal Pole Mount Terminal Distribution Closure Feeder Closure Integrated terminal closure utilized Free-Breathing Requires expressing at each terminal location Design also used for above- & below-grade buried/UG plant

19. Communication Markets Division 19 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Distribution Cable Plant Design Ribbon Fiber Cable vs Single Fiber LBT Cable –Splitting tubes vs splitting ribbons Ribbons now available in 4, 6, 8, & 12 fiber ribbons, eliminates splitting ribbons – Advantage Ribbon –Cleaving and Splicing One fiber at a time vs 4, 6, 8, or 12 at a time – Advantage Ribbon –Expressing ribbons vs LBTs Ribbons require less real estate in closures & terminals – Advantage Ribbon –Terminal Drop Connectivity Solution Fusion spliced drop – Advantage LBT Fusion spliced pigtail – Advantage Ribbon –Sparing strategy – Advantage LBT

20. Communication Markets Division 20 3M Communication Markets Division Connector Type and Quantity: FTTP PON Network Number of Connector Pairs –Central Office (CO): OLT & EDFA (1), WDM (2), ODF (2) –Outside Plant (OSP): FDH (1 or 2); depends if splitter input is spliced or connectorized, Fiber Terminal (1 or 2 ); depends on drop connectivity method and use of splitters at terminals –Premises: ONT (1) Type of Connector –SC, LC –APC vs UPC *deciding factor is analog CATV signals *Applicable standards (Telcordia GR-326-CORE & TIA/EIA-568-B.3) specify connections lower than –55dB FDH ODFODF Voice Data Video OLTOLT EDFA WDMWDM FDTFDT ONT UPS Central Office Splitter Home

21. Communication Markets Division 21 3M Communication Markets Division Outside Plant FTTP - Fiber Access Terminals a point in the network where the distribution cable fibers are connected or spliced to the drop cables. Drop cables are eventually connected to the ONT or ONU located at the customer premises. Also known as a FDT (fiber distribution terminal). functions as either a connectorization or splice point for the drop cables as well as consolidation point for couplers/splitters used with the Distributed Splitting architecture. typically serves 4, 6, 8, 12, or 24 HHs (households) Types of FATs –Terminal Closure – used for applications that requires the splicing or field connectorization of the distribution fibers to the drop fibers. Typically equipped with a splice tray and allow for the “expressing” distribution fibers. –Factory Stubbed Terminal –equipped with a factory installed cable that has connectors on one end or both ends. The pigtail configuration requires that the fibers be spliced to the distribution fiber in a splice closure.

22. Communication Markets Division 22 Placement Location and Type of Plant (aerial, buried, underground) –strand mount and pole mount for aerial applications –pedestal and flush-to-grade (handhole) for buried/underground applications –wall mount for both aerial and buried applications Environmental Protection –Sealed – required for below-grade applications, also used for aerial applications or above-grade buried applications –Breathable (Free Breathing) – used in aerial or pedestal applications Craft Separation/Security – separate lockable splice & terminal areas –Separate enclosure for splicing and separate enclosure for terminations –One enclosure, splicing and termination functionality located in different areas in the same compartment –One enclosure, separate compartment for splicing and terminations Number of Drop Terminations –4, 6, 8, 12, or 24 ports –Type of Connectors: SC/UPC, SC/APC, LC Type of Drop Cable Termination –External Hardened Factory-terminated Connectivity Interface –Internal Non-hardened Factory-terminated Connectivity Interface Mechanical or Fusion Spliced Pigtail Mechanical or Fusion Direct Spliced Field Connectorization 3M Communication Markets Division Items to Consider Regarding Outside Plant Terminals Applications

23. Communication Markets Division 23 Type of Drop Cable –Application Aerial, Direct Buried, Underground in Conduit –# of fibers: 1 or 2 –Armored vs Dielectric; Tonable vs Non-Tonable –Corning, Sumitomo, OFS, Draka, Superior, General, CommScope, Pirelli Type of Drop Cable Termination at the Terminal –Internal Drop Cable Termination –External Drop Cable Termination Location of the ONT/ONU –Inside the Premises or Outside the Premises Type of Drop Termination at the ONT/ONU 3M Communication Markets Division Outside Plant FTTP Drop Termination – Key Considerations Corning

24. Communication Markets Division 24 Internal Drop Cable Termination –Can be defined as a drop termination method that requires that the technician to enter into the terminal or terminal closure to terminate or connect the drop cable –Most Common types are: Pigtail Spliced –Mechanical or Fusion Direct Spliced –Fusion or Mechanical Field Connectorized Factory-Terminated –A combination of the methods listed may be used Factory-Terminated at Terminal and Pigtail Spliced at ONT Direct Spliced at Terminal and Factory-Terminated at ONT External Drop Cable Termination –Can be defined as a drop termination method that does not require the technician to enter the terminal to terminate or connect the drop cable. –Most common type is the Hardened Fiber Optic Connecter (HFOC) Corning OptiTap, ADC/FONS RC Adapter, AFOP Scout, Tyco FT 3M Communication Markets Division Outside Plant FTTP Drop Termination Options at the Terminal

25. Communication Markets Division 25 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Fusion Spliced F F Terminal ONT Drop fiber fusion spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal Drop fiber fusion spliced to a pigtail at the ONT 1 Drop fiber fusion spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal and drop fusion spliced to drop fiber at ONT –No test access point at terminal –Total Insertion loss = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss = (2 x 0.01dB) + (1 x 0.5dB) = 0.52dB –Requires higher craft skill level & labor rate –High equipment costs & related maintenance costs –Ability to test splice –Time to install the drop is the higher than mechanical spliced & factory-terminated drop options due to setup time and time to fusion splice at the terminal and ONT Aerial – time to setup fusion splicing equipment and splice on the strand Buried/Underground – time to setup splicing equipment and bring the terminal to the splice work area. –Reel/box of drop cable; does not require various different lengths of drop cables to be taken into inventory or to the job site

26. Communication Markets Division 26 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Fusion Spliced F Terminal ONT Drop fiber fusion spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal Factory-terminated drop 2 Factory-terminated drop fiber fusion spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal –No test access point at terminal –Total Insertion loss = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss = (1 x 0.01dB) + (1 x 0.5dB) = 0.51dB –Requires higher craft skill level & labor rate –High equipment costs & related maintenance costs –Ability to test splice –Fusion splicing at the terminal requires more setup time compared to all other mechanical spliced & factory-terminated drop termination methods and fusion splicing at the ONT. Aerial – time to setup fusion splicing equipment and splice on the strand Buried/Underground – time to setup the splicing equipment and bring the terminal to the splice work area. –Various lengths of drop cables with one connector on one end must be kept in inventory and taken to the service installation site

27. Communication Markets Division 27 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Fusion Spliced Factory-terminated drop 3 Drop fiber fusion spliced to a pigtail at the ONT F F Terminal ONT Factory-terminated drop fiber fusion spliced to the drop fiber at the ONT –Test access point at terminal –Total Insertion loss = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss = (1 x 0.01dB) + (2 x 0.5dB) = 1.01dB –Requires higher craft skill level & labor rate –High equipment costs & related maintenance costs –Ability to test splice –Fusion splicing at the ONT requires less setup time compared to fusion splicing at the terminal. Requires more setup time and time to install than all other mechanical spliced & factory-terminated drop termination methods. Aerial – time to setup fusion splicing equipment and splice at the ONT Buried/Underground – time to setup the splicing equipment and splice at the ONT –Various lengths of drop cables with one connector on one end must be kept in inventory and taken to the service installation site

28. Communication Markets Division 28 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Fusion Spliced FF F Terminal ONT Distribution fiber fusion spliced to pigtail & drop fiber fusion spliced to pigtail Drop fiber fusion spliced to a pigtail at the ONT 4 Distribution fiber fusion spliced to pigtail & drop fiber fusion spliced to a pigtail at the terminal & drop fiber fusion spliced to pigtail at ONT –Test access point at terminal –Total Insertion loss = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss = (3 x 0.01dB) + (2 x 0.5dB) = 1.03dB –Requires higher craft skill level & labor rate –High equipment costs & related maintenance costs –Ability to test splice –Time to install the drop is the highest of all drop options due to the setup time and the time to splice at the terminal and ONT –Reel/box of drop cable; does not require various different lengths of drop cables to be taken into inventory or to the job site

29. Communication Markets Division 29 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Mechanical Spliced Drop fiber mechanical spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal and drop mechanical spliced to drop fiber at ONT –No test access point at terminal –Total Insertion loss = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss = (2 x 0.1dB) + (1 x 0.5dB) = 0.7dB –Relatively low skill level required –Low equipment costs & related maintenance costs –No ability to test splice –Time to install the drop is the higher than factory-terminated drop options due to the setup time and the time to splice at the terminal and ONT Aerial – time to setup and splice on the strand Buried/Underground – time to setup and bring the terminal to the splice work area. –Reel/box of drop cable; does not require various different lengths of drop cables to be taken into inventory or to the job site M M Terminal ONT Drop fiber mechanical spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal Drop fiber mechanical spliced to a pigtail at the ONT 1

30. Communication Markets Division 30 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Mechanical Spliced Factory-terminated drop fiber mechanical spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal –No test access point at terminal –Total Insertion loss = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss = (1 x 0.1dB) + (1 x 0.5dB) = 0.6dB –Relatively low Craft skill level required, thus resulting in lower labor rate –Low equipment costs & related maintenance costs –No ability to test splice –Mechanical splicing at the terminal requires more time than installing a factory- terminated drop. Aerial – time to setup and splice on the strand Buried/Underground – time to setup and bring the terminal to the splice work area. –Various lengths of drop cables with one connector on one end must be kept in inventory and taken to the service installation site M Terminal ONT Drop fiber mechanical spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal Factory-Terminated Drop 2

31. Communication Markets Division 31 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Mechanical Spliced Factory-terminated drop fiber mechanical spliced to the drop fiber at the ONT –Test access point at terminal –Total Insertion loss = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss = (2 x 0.1dB) + (2 x 0.5dB) = 1.2dB –Relatively low craft skill level required, thus resulting in lower labor rate –Low equipment costs & related maintenance costs –No ability to test splice –Mechanical splicing at the ONT requires less time than splicing the drop at the terminal and more time than installing a factory-terminated drop. Aerial – time to setup and splice at the ONT Buried/Underground – time to setup at the ONT –Various lengths of drop cables with one connector on one end must be kept in inventory and taken to the service installation site Drop fiber mechanical spliced to a pigtail at the ONT Factory-terminated drop M M Terminal ONT 3

32. Communication Markets Division 32 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Mechanical Spliced Distribution fiber mechanical spliced to pigtail & drop fiber mechanical spliced to a pigtail at the terminal & drop fiber mechanical spliced to pigtail at ONT –Test access point at terminal –Total Insertion loss = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss = (3 x 0.1dB) + (2 x 0.5dB) = 1.3dB –Low craft skill level & labor rate required –Low equipment costs & related maintenance costs –No ability to test splice –Time to install the drop is the highest of all mechanical drop options due to the setup time and the time to splice at the terminal and ONT. However, this options requires less installation time as compared to the fusion splicing option. –Reel/box of drop cable; does not require various different lengths of drop cables to be taken into inventory or to the job site MM M Terminal ONT Distribution fiber mechanical spliced to pigtail and drop fiber mechanical spliced to pigtail Drop fiber mechanical spliced to a pigtail at the ONT 4

33. Communication Markets Division 33 3M 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Factory Terminated Hardened Fiber Optic Connector (HFOC) F Terminal ONT Free-Breathing, Strand Mount Terminal Closure – 3M SLiC 530 Drop Slack Storage Box Corning Factory Terminated Ruggedized Drop Cable/Termination Corning HFOC

34. Communication Markets Division 34 F Terminal ONT 3M 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Factory Terminated Non-Hardened ECAM Drop ECAM-FD Factory Terminated Drop Fiber Dome Stubbed Terminal FDST 08 SLIC 530 Terminal Closure with ECAM-FD Drop

35. Communication Markets Division 35 F Terminal ONT 3M 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for External ONT: Factory Terminated Hardened and Non-Hardened Drop Factory-terminated drop terminated at the terminal and ONT –Test access point at terminal and ONT –Total Insertion loss = Splice loss at terminal + Connector Loss = (0 x 0.0dB) + (2 x 0.5dB) = 1.0dB –Low craft skill level required, thus resulting in lower labor rate –No equipment costs & related maintenance costs –Slack storage box and time to coil the extra slack required at the ONT and Terminal –Factory-terminated drops require the least amount of time to install versus all other drop termination methods. –Various lengths of drop cables with one connector on each end must be kept in inventory and taken to the service installation site –Higher cable costs than any other option, due to the need to storage access slack.

36. Communication Markets Division 36 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for Internal ONT: Fusion Spliced F NID F F F Terminal NID Drop fiber fusion spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal 1 Factory-terminated drop connected to pigtail spliced 3MM cable or I/O cable 2 Factory-terminated drop 3 F Terminal FF Distribution fiber fusion spliced to pigtail & drop fiber fusion spliced to pigtail 4 F ONT Factory-terminated I/O or 3mm jacketed fiber cable F Terminal NID F Factory-terminated I/0 or 3mm jacketed fiber cable ONT F NID F Drop fiber and indoor cable fusion spliced to a pigtail at the ONT ONT I/0 or 3mm jacketed cable terminated with field connectorized solution Drop fiber and indoor cable fusion spliced to a pigtail at the ONT ONT Factory-terminated I/0 or 3mm jacketed fiber cable

37. Communication Markets Division 37 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Drop Termination Options for Internal ONT: Mechanical Spliced M NID M M M Terminal NID Drop fiber mechanical spliced to the distribution fiber at the terminal 1 Factory-terminated drop connected to pigtail spliced 3MM cable or I/O cable 2 Factory-terminated drop 3 M Terminal MM Distribution fiber mechanical spliced to pigtail & drop fiber mechanical spliced to pigtail 4 M ONT M Terminal NID M Factory-terminated I/0 or 3mm jacketed fiber cable ONT M NID M Drop fiber and indoor cable mechanical spliced to a pigtail at the ONT ONT I/0 or 3mm jacketed cable terminated with field connectorized solution ONT I/0 or 3mm jacketed cable terminated with field connectorized solution Drop fiber and indoor cable mechanical spliced to a pigtail at the ONT I/0 or 3mm jacketed cable terminated with field connectorized solution

38. Communication Markets Division 38 3M Communication Markets Division Key Decision Points for FTTP Implementation: Key Areas of Training Handling of fiber plant –Minimum Bend Radius fiber, cable, buffer tubes Connectors –Cleanliness Safety –Laser –Small pieces of glass (fiber)

39. Communication Markets Division 39 3M Communication Markets Division FTTP Deployment: Understanding Bend Radius also known as the minimum bend radius defined as the radius smallest or minimum radius a fiber strand, buffer tube, or fiber optic cable can be bent. varies among manufacturers, with each manufacturer typically specifying the minimum bend radius to be used during the installation process and the life of the cable (long term). exceeding the minimum bend radius may cause attenuation (macrobends) and fiber breakage Macrobend losses can occur in splice organizer trays, closures, distribution units, and cable plant. current US required bend radius for 250um and 900um fiber is 1.5” (38mm)

40. Communication Markets Division 40 Type of FTTP Network Architecture –FTTP Networks –P2P vs PON FTTP Deployment Scenarios –Greenfield vs Overlay FTTP Outside Plant Construction –Aerial vs Buried/Underground PON Splitting: Centralized vs Distributed OSP Network Design Distribution Cable: Ribbon vs LBT Connectors Terminals Drop Termination Method Training 3M Communication Markets Division Key Decision Points for FTTP Implementation: Summary

41. Communication Markets Division 41 Thank You for Your Time! 3M Communication Markets Division Key Decision Points for FTTP Implementation: Summary