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4. 4 Megger - Substation overview

5. 5 170 product groups, 2600 products

6. 6 MEGGERInsulation testers, fibre optic testing MULTI-AMPCircuit breaker test tests BIDDLEHigh voltage test sets AVOMultimeters,Training, software DUCTEROhm meters FOSTEROil test sets STATESTerminal blocks METROSONICSCritical systems monitoring PROGRAMMA Relay/ Circuit Breaker/ Battery Testing PAX DIAGNOSTIC Transformer, Insulation Products Megger Brand Names

7. 7 IEC 61850 STANDARD IN SUBSTATION AUTOMATION Main purpose of the standard is to achieve interoperability among different devices from different vendors within the same substation.

8. 8 IEC 61850 STANDARD IN SUBSTATION AUTOMATION

9. 9 What is Substation Automation? We need to know what we are talking about, in order to understand what needs to be standardized.

10. 10

11. 11

12. 12 THE POWER SUBSTATION In a substation there are Primary Equipments:

13. 13 THE POWER SUBSTATION The Primary equipments in the Substation need to be ”controlled”. The word CONTROL in a substation has nothing to do with Process Control, where the word CONTROL is usually associated to ”feedback systems”:

14. 14 THE POWER SUBSTATION

15. 15 THE POWER SUBSTATION Busbar change. Load is on Busbar 2

16. 16 THE POWER SUBSTATION Busbar change. Connecting Busbar 1 to Busbar 2

17. 17 THE POWER SUBSTATION Busbar change: Connecting the Feeders to Busbar 1

18. 18 THE POWER SUBSTATION Busbar change: Disconnecting feeders from Busbar 2

19. 19 THE POWER SUBSTATION Busbar change: Disconecting Busbar 2 from the system

20. 20 THE POWER SUBSTATION Busbar change. Busbar 1 in service

21. 21 THE POWER SUBSTATION

22. 22 THE POWER SUBSTATION One very simple interlocking: Earthing Switch and Disconnector I can OPEN / CLOSE the Disconnector ONLY if the Earthing Switch is OPEN. If the Earthing Switch is CLOSED I cannot operate the Disconnector.

23. 23 THE POWER SUBSTATION EARTHING SWITCH CLOSED

24. 24 THE POWER SUBSTATION EARTHING SWITCH OPEN

25. 25 THE INTERLOCKING SYSTEM

26. 26 A Local Action (open/close) may require: THE INTERLOCKING SYSTEM Remote information (from different bays) Local information (from the same bay)

27. 27

28. 28 THE INTERLOCKING SYSTEM

29. 29 THE INTERLOCKING SYSTEM

30. 30 THE IEC 61850 INTERLOCKING SYSTEM

31. 31 CONTROL / INTERLOCKING in an IEC 61850 substation

32. 32 IEC 61850 Standard

33. 33 THE POWER SUBSTATION In a substation there are Primary Equipments…..

34. 34 THE POWER SUBSTATION … that must be protected.

35. 35 THE PROTECTION RELAYS

36. 36 THE PROTECTION RELAYS

37. 37 THE PROTECTION RELAYS The circuit breaker opens and interrupts the fault current. The relay sees no fault conditions anymore and it resets. Circuit breaker remains open, the fault has been cleared.

38. 38 THE PROTECTION SYSTEM

39. 39 THE PROTECTION SYSTEM Radial Feeders: No communication

40. 40 THE PROTECTION SYSTEM Radial Feeders: No communication

41. 41 THE PROTECTION SYSTEM Radial Feeders: No communication

42. 42 THE PROTECTION SYSTEM Radial Feeders: No communication

43. 43 THE PROTECTION SYSTEM Radial Feeders: Communication

44. 44 THE PROTECTION SYSTEM Radial Feeders: Communication

45. 45 THE PROTECTION SYSTEM Radial Feeders: Communication

46. 46 THE PROTECTION SYSTEM Radial Feeders: Communication

47. 47 PROTECTION signals (Trip, Block, Acceleration..) are sent through the station bus. Horizontal communication IEC 61850 APPLICATION: PROTECTION

48. 48 GOOSE = Generic Object Oriented System Event. Is an unacknowledged multicast message that is repeated with a certain strategy allowing the supervision of the Horizontal Communication. GOOSE communication for PROTECTION and CONTROL

49. 49 GOOSE or Contact (Conventional) ?

50. 50 GOOSE or Contact (Conventional) ?

51. 51 GOOSE or Contact (Conventional) ?

52. 52 GOOSE or Contact (Conventional) ?

53. 53 IEC 61850 Standard

54. 54

55. 55 Proprietary communication protocols were / are still available. Handling correctly all protocols was and is still a challenge ”BEFORE standardisation”: REPORTING TO SCADA / RTU

56. 56 ”BEFORE”: PROTOCOL CONVERTERS / IMPLEMENTATIONS

57. 57 IEDs from different vendors can exchange and use information over a common communications media. No need to have protocol converters. Reporting: Vertical Communication. IEC 61850 APPLICATION: REPORTING TO SCADA / RTU

58. 58 IEC 61850 APPLICATION: SCADA/RTU COMMUNICATION The communication between SCADA / RTU and the IEDs is defined in the IEC 61850 standard (MMS / FTP). Data exchanged can be: Control (operating primary objects) Log Reporting of events Disturbance Files Upload

59. 59 IEC 61850 Standard

60. 60 IEC 61850: NETWORK TOPOLOGY The data traffic runs on Ethernet, 100 Mbit/s. This means that in the IEC 61850 substation there are Ethernet switches. Protection and Control signals are dependent on the correct functionality of the communication system, which has in the Ethernet switches one of its most important factors.

61. 61 IEC 61850: NETWORK TOPOLOGY Star Ring

62. 62 IEC 61850 Standard

63. 63 IEDs and Substations are described through XML files. The “IEC 61850 language used in the XML files” is called SCL language. SCL: Substation Configuration Language. IEC 61850: The SCL language

64. 64 IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED Modelling)

65. 65 Bay A Bay Unit (IED) PTRC (Trip, Operate) IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED modelling)

66. 66 Bay Unit (IED) PTRC (Trip, Operate) SCL Bay A IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED modelling)

67. 67 Bay Unit (IED) PTRC (Trip, Operate) SCL Bay A IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED modelling)

68. 68 Bay Unit (IED) PTRC (Trip, Operate) SCL Bay A IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED modelling)

69. 69 SCL IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED modelling) It is possible to “structure” the Logical Nodes, and group them under different Logical Devices. The “rules” of this structure are described in the XML file.

70. 70 The SCL file also describes what the IED can do (services). In this case it seems that the IED cannot offer upload of disturbance recorder file, as the “FileHandling Service” is not listed: IEC 61850: Services (IED modelling) While this IED allows to upload the disturbance recorder files (FileHandling Service” is listed):

71. 71 Depending on the information they carry, there are different types of SCL files: ICD (IED Capability Description) CID (Configured IED Description) SCD (Substation Configuration Description) SSD (System Specification Description) IID (Instantiated IED Description) SED (System Exchange Description) IEC 61850: Different SCL files

72. 72 IEC 61850 Standard

73. 73 IEC 61850: Engineering Process

74. 74 An IEC 61850 substation is described by one special SCL file, called SCD file (Substation Configuration Description). IEC 61850: Engineering Process

75. 75 IEC 61850: Engineering Process There are software tools that can extract engineering information from the SCD file and represent them in a comfortable way to the user:

76. 76 IEC 61850: Engineering Process REPORTING  Vertical Communication All the IEC 61850 devices (IEDs) describe themselves with help of the SCL language. SCL information from all IEDs are integrated into the IEC 61850 Engineering Tool.

77. 77 IEC 61850: Engineering Process The SCADA system is also IEC 61850 compliant, and it can read the SCD files understanding how the substation looks like, which IEDs are present and which information they send to the SCADA system. SCADA / RTU  Vertical Communication

78. 78 IEC 61850: Engineering Process GOOSE  Horizontal Communication In the SCL file there is written which IED talks to which IED. The standard messages among IEDs in the same substation are called GOOSE messages (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event). GOOSE messages can contain protection application information (TRIP, Block etc.).

79. 79 IEC 61850: Engineering Process The IEC 61850 Engineering Tool One IEC 61850 Engineering Tool is in principle a “software that handles SCL files”. The initial SCL files are provided by the IED vendor software tools, and they are called ICD files (IED Capability Description). The ICD files are imported in the IEC 61850 Engineering TOOL and GOOSE – Reporting information are added for each IED, creating the so called SCD file (Substation Configuration Description). The SCD file is then exported from the Engineering Tool. IED vendor tools will import that file and will download in the IEDs the IEC 61850 information that are written in the SCD files.

80. 80 IEC 61850: Engineering Process

81. 81 IEC 61850: Engineering Tools Documentation The SCD file describes the substation in IEC 61850 language (SCL). The IEC 61850 tool is able to elaborate such information and to show it in human readable format, like a PDF file.

82. 82 IEC 61850: Engineering Tools

83. 83 IEC 61850 Standard

84. 84 PROCESS BUS Sampled Values (SV) Sampled Values (SV) 9-2 Merging Units (MU) IEC 61850-9-2 NCIT PROCESS BUS

85. 85 FULLY IEC 61850 SUBSTATION

86. 86 THE RELAY

87. 87 Replacement of BO cards GOOSE OUT

88. 88 Replacement of BI cards GOOSE OUTGOOSE IN

89. 89 GOOSE OUTGOOSE IN

90. 90 THE IEC 61850-8-1 IED GOOSE INGOOSE OUT IEC 61850-8-1 Station Bus

91. 91 Replacement of analog cards + A/D conversion GOOSE INGOOSE OUT IEC 61850-8-1 Station Bus SAMPLED VALUES (SV)

92. 92 GOOSE INGOOSE OUT IEC 61850-8-1 Station Bus SAMPLED VALUES

93. 93 THE FULLY IEC 61850 COMPLIANT IED GOOSE INGOOSE OUT IEC 61850-8-1 Station Bus SAMPLED VALUES IEC 61850-9-2 Process Bus

94. 94 WHERE ARE THE SAMPLED VALUES COMING FROM? SAMPLED VALUES

95. 95 Merging Units

96. 96 Merging Units

97. 97 IEC 61850 Standard

98. 98 IEC 61850 Standard

99. 99 IEC 61850: TESTING How do we test all of this? How do we test the Network Topology (Switches)? How do we test the Vertical Communication to SCADA? (IEC 61850-8-1, MMS, Reporting) How do we test Interlockings? (IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE) How do we test Protection Schemes? (IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE and IEC 61850-9-2 SV)

100. 100 IEC 61850: TESTING

101. 101 Information about IEC 61850 KTH: Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan University courses on IEC 61850 for SA (Substation Automation)

102. 102 Information about IEC 61850 Tissues (Technical Issues) database www.tissues.iec61850.com IEC 61850 standard is a dynamic standard!. You must follow it!

103. 103 IEC 61850 Blog Information on new IEC 61850 documents Information on IEC 61850 events Information on new instruments and techniques on the IEC 61850 www.blog.iec61850.com Competent and fast up to date blog on IEC 61850 Information about IEC 61850

104. 104 Information om IEC 61850 Elforsk www.elforsk.se

105. 105 Megger http://www.megger.com IEC 61850 test equipment, tools and litterature Information om IEC 61850