1. The Ancient Israelites
Chapter 3
The Ancient Israelites

2. Chapter 3, Section 1
The First Israelites
(Pages 80–85)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:
• What did the Israelites believe?
• Where was the Promised Land of the Israelites, and how did they return there?
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
p. 45

3. Chapter 3, Section 1 The First Israelites Terms to Know
monotheism: belief in one god;
tribe: a unit of society made up of family groups;
Torah: Jewish religious law;
covenant: a formal agreement
p. 46

4. Chapter 3, Section 1 The First Israelites People to Meet
Abraham: the father of the Israelites;
Jacob: grandson of Abraham and father of the 12 tribes of Israel;
Moses: man who led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt
p. 47

5. Class Notes & Discussion

6. Chapter 3, Section 1 The First Israelites Sum It Up
What covenant was described in the Torah?
The Torah described God’s agreement with the Jewish people—his promise to return the Israelites to Canaan if they followed his laws.
p. 47

7. Chapter 3, Section 1 The Promised Land Terms to Know
alphabet: a group of letters that stands for sounds
p. 48

8. Chapter 3, Section 1 The Promised Land People to Meet
Phoenicians: group of Canaanites who lived in cities along the Mediterranean;
Deborah: Israelite judge who defeated King Jabin and his army
p. 48

9. Chapter 3, Section 1 The First Israelites Reading Strategy
As you read pages 81–85 in your textbook, complete this sequence chart to trace the movement of the Israelites.
Mesopotamia
Egypt
Canaan
Canaan
Sinai Desert
p. 45

10. Chapter 3, Section 1 The Promised Land Sum It Up
Who led the Israelites into Canaan, and what city did they conquer under his leadership?
Joshua led the Israelites into Canaan. They conquered Jericho.
p. 49

11. Chapter 3, Section 1 Section Wrap Up
What did the Israelites believe?
The Israelites believed in one god and followed the laws from the Torah, including the Ten Commandments.
p. 49

12. Chapter 3, Section 1 Section Wrap Up
Where was the Promised Land of the Israelites, and how did they return there?
The Israelites returned to Canaan, their Promised Land, when God delivered them from slavery in Egypt.
p. 49

13. Section 2 – The Kingdom of Israel
Chapter 3
Section 2 – The Kingdom of Israel

14. Chapter 3, Section 2
The Kingdom of Israel
(Pages 86–92)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:
• Why did the Israelites choose to follow kings instead of judges?
• Who was King David and why was he important?
• Why were the Israelites conquered?

15. Chapter 3, Section 2 The Kingdom of Israel Terms to Know
prophet: person who claims to hear and speak words from God

16. Chapter 3, Section 2 The Kingdom of Israel People to Meet
Philistines: strongest people living in Canaan; enemies of the Israelites;
Saul: Israel’s first king;
David: shepherd chosen by God to replace Saul as king

17. Chapter 3, Section 2 The Kingdom of Israel Academic Vocabulary
instruct: to teach, to direct

18. Class Notes & Discussion

19. Chapter 3, Section 2 The Kingdom of Israel Sum It Up
Why did the Israelites want a king?
The Israelites wanted a king to unite and lead them against their enemies, the Philistines.

20. Chapter 3, Section 2 David and Solomon Summarizing
As you read, complete the following sentences. Doing so will help you summarize the section.
1. David defeated the giant Philistine named ______________ with a ______________. As David won more victories ______________ became jealous and plotted to ______________ David.
2. David took over the throne in about ______________, when Saul and his sons were ______________ in battle.
Goliath
slingshot
Saul
kill
1000 B.C.
killed

21. Chapter 3, Section 2 David and Solomon Summarizing
3. David created an empire and established the capital of ______________. His son ______________ built a great temple there.
4. When Solomon died, the 12 tribes broke into two nations: ______________ and ______________.
Jerusalem
Solomon
Israel
Judah

22. Chapter 3, Section 2 David and Solomon Terms to Know
empire: a nation that rules several other nations;
tribute: money or enslaved persons given to a stronger ruler;
proverbs: wise sayings

23. Chapter 3, Section 2 David and Solomon Places to Locate
Jerusalem: the capital of Israel established by David, later became the capital of Judah;
Judah: smaller kingdom that broke away from Israel, founded by two tribes in the south

24. Chapter 3, Section 2 David and Solomon Academic Vocabulary
expand: to make bigger;
symbol: an image or object used to represent something else

25. Chapter 3, Section 2 David and Solomon Sum It Up
Why did Solomon tax the people so heavily?
Solomon taxed the people so heavily in order to pay for the temple and other buildings he built in Jerusalem

26. Chapter 3, Section 2 A Troubled Time Sequencing
As you read, place the following events in the correct order by numbering them in the spaces provided.
____ The Egyptians conquer Judah
____ The Jews unite with the Egyptians to fight the Chaldeans
____ King Nebuchadnezzar captures Jerusalem
____ The Assyrians conquer Israel and scatter the 10 tribes
____ Nebuchadnezzar takes the Jews into captivity in Babylon
____ The Assyrians become known as Samaritans and eventually worship Israel’s God
____ The Chaldeans conquer Egypt 3 5 6 1 7 2 4

27. Chapter 3, Section 2 A Troubled Time People to Meet
Nebuchadnezzar: Chaldean king who defeated Judah and captured Israel

28. Chapter 3, Section 2 A Troubled Time Academic Vocabulary
route: a road or way for travel

29. Chapter 3, Section 2 The Kingdom of Israel Reading Strategy
Judah
Location
North
South
Capital City
772 B.C.
620 B.C.
Date Conquered
Assyrians
Egyptians
Conquered By

30. Chapter 3, Section 2 A Troubled Time Sum It Up
Why did the Assyrians and Chaldeans want to control the land belonging to the Israelites?
The Assyrians and Chaldeans were building their own empires in southwest Asia. They wanted to control trade routes that ran through the Israelite kingdom.

31. Chapter 3, Section 2 Egypt’s Old Kingdom Section Wrap-Up
Now that you have read the section, write the answers to the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for Reading at the beginning of the lesson.
Why did the Israelites choose to follow kings instead of judges?
Israelites choose to follow kings instead of judges because they wanted a strong leader to unify them and protect them from their enemies.

32. Chapter 3, Section 2 Egypt’s Old Kingdom Section Wrap-Up
Who was King David and why was he important?
King David is considered the greatest king of Israel. He conquered neighboring nations, created an empire, and established the capital of Jerusalem.

33. Chapter 3, Section 2 Egypt’s Old Kingdom Section Wrap-Up
Why were the Israelites conquered?
The powerful Assyrians and Chaldeans threatened the weakened Israelites. They wanted to control the trade routes through Israel. The Israelites were conquered by the Assyrians in 722 B.C.

34. Section 3 – The Growth of Judaism
Chapter 3
Section 3 – The Growth of Judaism

35. Chapter 3, Section 3
The Growth of Judaism
(Pages 93–102)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read:
• How did Judaism grow in the period following their exile?
• Why did the Romans destroy the temple and exile the Jews?

36. Maccabees Led by priest named Judas Maccabeus
Chapter 3, Section 3 The Growth of Judaism Reading Strategy As you read page 96 in your textbook, complete this diagram to describe the Maccabees.
Led by priest named Judas Maccabeus
Rebelled against Antiochus and fled
Maccabees
Formed an army called the Maccabees
Drove the Greeks out of Judah and destroyed all traces of Greek gods in their temple
Restored their temple to worship of their God
Remembered in the celebration of Hanukkah
Became new ruler of Judah

37. Chapter 3, Section 3 Exile and Return Outlining
I. Why Did Jews Return to Judah?
A. ___________________________
B. ____________________________
The Persian king Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Judah.
Persians controlled the government, so Jews looked to their religion for
leadership.

38. Chapter 3, Section 3 Exile and Return Outlining
II. What Is in the Hebrew Bible?
A. ___________________________
B.____________________________
Thirty-nine books including Jewish history and the Torah.
The Jews believed that God had a special role for them in history.

39. Chapter 3, Section 3 Exile and Return Outlining
III. The Jews Look to the Future
A. ___________________________
B. ____________________________
The Bible describes God’s plans for a peaceful future.
The Jews believed that good would ultimately triumph over evil.

40. Chapter 3, Section 3 Exile and Return Terms to Know
exile: forced removal from a native country;
Sabbath: weekly day of worship and rest;
synagogue: Jewish place of worship

41. Chapter 3, Section 3 Exile and Return Places to Locate
Babylon: the land of exile for the Jews

42. Chapter 3, Section 3 Exile and Return Academic Vocabulary
series: objects or events that come one after the other;
symbol: an image or object used to represent something else

43. Chapter 3, Section 3 Exile and Return Terms to Review
Scribe: A Jewish scribe named Ezra helped write the first five books of the Torah.

44. Chapter 3, Section 3 Exile and Return Sum It Up
Who allowed the Jews to return to Judah?
Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Judah.

45. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Greeks Questioning
As you read, write three questions about the main ideas presented in the text. After you have finished reading, write the answers to these questions.
Student questions should be based on the main ideas in the text, including the influence of the Greeks on the Jews, the Diaspora, the Maccabees, and Hanukkah.

46. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Greeks Terms to Know
Diaspora: term referring to the scattered people of Israel

47. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Greeks People to Meet
Judas Maccabeus: priest who led the rebellion against Antiochus and the new ruler of Judah

48. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Greeks Academic Vocabulary
version: translation from another language;
trace: visible evidence

49. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Greeks Sum It Up
How did Alexander the Great affect the Israelites?
Alexander the Great introduced the Israelites to Greek language and culture. Jews who learned Greek translated the Hebrew Bible. This helped people who were not Jews understand Jewish history and ideas.

50. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jewish Way of Life Determining the Main Idea
Jewish law set out rules for living
The Jewish
Way of Life
Jews placed great importance on family
Jews followed strict dietary laws
Education was very important, including religious education for boys
Jewish law forbade mixing some fabrics

51. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jewish Way of Life Academic Vocabulary
affect: to cause a change or have an impact on;
community: a group of people living in the same place

52. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jewish Way of Life Sum It Up
Why were sons especially valued in Jewish society?
Sons were especially valued in Jewish society because they carried on the family name and became head of the family upon the father’s death.

53. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans Monitoring Comprehension
1. What did Herod do as king?
Herod was cruel. He made the temple very grand, ruled when Jesus was born, and he allowed Jewish rulers to run Judah.

54. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans Monitoring Comprehension
2. Why were the Jews unable to regain control over their Roman rulers?
The Jews were unable to regain control over their Roman rulers because they were splintered into different groups.

55. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans Monitoring Comprehension
3. Who were the Pharisees?
The Pharisees taught the Torah and how to apply it to daily life.

56. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans Monitoring Comprehension
4. Who were the Sadducees?
The Sadducees were priests and scribes concerned with the law in the Temple.

57. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans Monitoring Comprehension
5. Who were the Essenes?
The Essenes were priests who broke away from the temple and lived in the desert praying for God’s deliverance.

58. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans Monitoring Comprehension
6. What were the cause and results of the Jewish revolts?
Jewish hatred of the Romans led to the revolts. The revolts led to the death of thousands, the destruction of the temple, and exile. The Romans renamed Judah Palestine.

59. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans Monitoring Comprehension
7. What role did rabbis play in Jewish society?
Rabbis were teachers of the Torah who held an important place in Jewish society. They developed the Talmud to pass on teachings about the Torah.

60. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans Terms to Know
messiah: a deliverer sent by God;
rabbi: teacher of Jewish law
Talmud: the combined teachings of the Torah

61. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans People to Meet
Herod: Roman king who ruled over Judaea;
Zealots: Jews who wanted to fight the Romans for their freedom;
Johanan ben Zakkai: Jewish rabbi who founded a school in northern Palestine that became a center of Torah studies

62. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans Academic Vocabulary
expand: to make bigger;
despite: in spite of

63. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Jews and the Romans Sum It Up
How did the Roman conquest affect the Jews?
Ultimately, the Roman conquest resulted in loss of Jewish lives, as well as their homeland and temple.

64. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Growth of Judaism Section Wrap-Up
Now that you have read the section, write the answers to the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for Reading at the beginning of the lesson.
How did Judaism grow in the period following their exile?
Jews who were scattered to other lands learned Greek and translated their Bible so that other people could learn about Jewish ideas.

65. Chapter 3, Section 3 The Growth of Judaism Section Wrap-Up
Why did the Romans destroy the temple and exile the Jews?
The Romans destroyed the temple and exiled the Jews to crush the Jews spirit and prevent further uprising.