2. Culture, Class, and Learned Helplessness: Recognizing Our Own Issues and Frustrations

3. presented by Keith A. Bailey, Ph.D. Keith Bailey Consulting www.keithbaileyconsulting.com keith@keithbaileyconsulting.com Copyright © 2006 by Keith A. Bailey

4. How many times have you heard, thought, or said:  “Why won’t they just try harder?”  “He’s just given up?”  “She just doesn’t want to be helped!”  “Why should I keep helping them when they won’t help themselves?”

5. This leads to:

6. We will think about:  Culture  Class  Middle-class mindset  Learned helplessness  Recognizing our issues and frustrations  What we can do

7. What makes up a Culture?

8. Socio-economic Background  Education  Salary  Job status

9. How do we assess people by Class?  Gender  Ethnicity  Religion  Sexual orientation  Where they live  How safe is it  Physical and mental well-being  Credit lines  Disposable income  Vacations  When to start work or retire  How many paychecks they are from homelessness (Kliman & Madsen)

10. Classes  Superstars  Business Owning  Professional/ Managerial  Working Class  Underclass (Kliman & Madsen)  Upper  Middle  Lower

11. The Middle Class Mindset  Just World Theory  “You get what you deserve.”  The American Dream  “If you just work hard enough, you can be anything you want to be.”  An Internal Locus of Control

12. Learned Helplessness  There Is No Justice  “I’ll get a bad deal no matter what I do.”  No Dream  “Why work at it; it’s not going to get any better.”  External Locus of Control

13. Learned Helplessness  Seligman’s experiments with dogs

14. Learned Helplessness  Motivational Deficit  Cognitive Deficit  Emotional Deficit

15. Children and Learned Helplessness  Abuse  Can associate old events with new situations  Attribution of failure made to self rather than the circumstances  Personal helplessness  Universal helplessness  Learned helplessness can lead to depression.

16. Learned helplessness leads to hopelessness

17. Helplessness can be Unlearned  Seligman’s dogs … … the rest of the story.  We can help our children and families unlearn helplessness by helping them to succeed and gain control in their lives.

18. But first …  …we have to remember that our own class background will color our view of those with whom we work

19. But first …  …we have to understand our mindsets as opposed to theirs … and be sympathetic (understanding) or even empathetic (sharing of feelings).  “…we must … fit our understanding to [children and] families rather than fitting [children and] families to our understanding.” (Kliman & Madsen)

20. “The poor and lower classes, because of their lack of resources and power, often are unable to manage stressful events will, and thus remain highly vulnerable as they depend on the coping strategies of passive acceptance or fatalism simply because these are all they have.” (Pauline Boss)

21. Then …  … we have to deal with our frustrations and not give up on them, too.  Vent to a peer or supervisor  Be patient and persistent  Problem solve  Be patient  Seek guidance  Be persistent  Pray or meditate …  …to develop the patience of a saint

22. But …  … don’t give up.

23. Because they need …  …AND YOU MAY BE THEIR LAST HOPE !!

24. Help and Hope  Regain [or gain] self-esteem in self or family member and pride in themselves or in the family as a team  Regain control over what happens to themselves or to the family members, individually and as a group. (Pauline Boss)

25. Help and Hope  Make some bit of sense out of what happened by finding some meaning in what happened.  Share with others while actively working to prevent it from happening again. (Pauline Boss)

26. Help and Hope  Set them up to succeed  Point out and praise every success, no matter how small.

27. What are your successes in helping others to succeed?

28. You are the embodiment of hope for someone.

29. References Boss, P. (1988). Family stress manamement. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Press. Kliman, J. & Madsen, W. (1999). Social class and the family life cycle. In B. Carter & M McGoldrick (Eds.), The expanded family life cycle: Individual, family and social perspectives (pp. 88- 105). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Martin E.P. Seligman, et al. Learned helplessness: A theory for the age of personal control.