2. Secession- formal withdrawal of a state from the Union Political: Caused separation, and was harder to work together Economic: The South needed Northern manufactured goods; the North needed Southern farmed goods. Diplomatic: Slowly, the South wanted to be seen as a whole new country, The Confederacy. Social Culture : Slavery would decrease and have more rivals in the Northern states.

3. Popular Sovereignty- the right to vote for or against slavery Political: It gave people the right to give opinions on slavery. Economic: Utah and New Mexico were open to slavery but not officially slave states. Diplomatic: Other countries were watching and judging how we were compromising and handling the issue of slavery. Eventually the French came and fought with the South. Social/Cultural: New Mexico and Utah had the right to vote for or against

4. Underground Railroad- system of escape routes Political: Over 300 slaves were brought to freedom Economical: Economy slightly escalated because of people helping slaves by providing food, water, and clothing. Social/Cultural: Slave owners lost their slaves due to Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad

5. Harriet Tubman Political: A woman, paced the way for other women, usually women were looked at as property; she changed that Economical: To avoid being sold, she ran away and became a part of the Underground Railroad Social/Cultural: She helped slaves leave their slave owners

6. Harriet Beecher Stowe- author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin Political: Her book stirred Northern abolitionists to increase their protests against the Fugitive Slave Act. Economical: Watched people on boats on their way to the slave markets, which boosted the Southern economy. Diplomatic: Her book stirred Northern abolitionists to increase protest against slavery, which caused the hole between the North and South to increase. Social/Cultural: Expressed Stowe’s lifetime hatred of slavery. Rallied up abolitionists.

7. Dred Scott Political: By his owner bringing him to a free state, his showed that the 5 th Amendment, protected property, including slaves. Diplomatic: Caused sectional passions to explode. The Northerners raged against the ruling, while the Southerners celebrated it, which caused the differences between the two states to rise. Social/Cultural: Supreme Court reversed a federal legislative act.

8. Stephen Douglas- Political: He debated with Lincoln, wanting to get rid of slavery, but he was looked at as an uneven match. Diplomatic: Social/Cultural: The public thought Douglas would win hands down

9. Abraham Lincoln Political: Elected in 1860 as President of the U.S.A Diplomatic- he wanted to abolish slavery, and the Southerners disagreed. His views eventually caused the South to form the Confederacy. Social/Cultural: The public was shocked/pleased to have Lincoln as president

10. Confederacy Economic: Contained many factories that built manufactured goods, increasing the economy Diplomatic- the formation of the Confederacy caused the nation to split in two- forming two different countries with different opinions. Social/Cultural: Caused hatred between people in the North and South

11. Jefferson Davis Political: Elected by Confederates Economic: Pursued the secession of the South, possibly decreasing the South’s economy Diplomatic: The election of Davis as president of the Confederacy really stirred up the relationship between the Union and Confederacy. The South officially wanted to be viewed as a separate state. Social/Cultural: South left the Union without a fight

12. Fort Sumter Political: On April 12, confederate batteries began thundering away to the cheers of Charlestown’s citizens. Economic: Lincoln sent food for hungry men Diplomatic: The fall of Fort Sumter rallied troops in the North and raged the Union, pushing the war in to motion. It also caused more states to secede in to the Confederacy. Social/Cultural: A war had started

13. Bull Run Diplomatic: Caused Confederate moral to soar. Social/Cultural: First Southern victory

14. Stonewall Jackson Political: A general who stood tall during the war. Social/Cultural: Gained control of the Mississippi River

15. Ulysses Grant Political: Brave and decisive commander. Social/Cultural: Drove McClellan away from Richmond

16. Robert E. Lee Social/Cultural:

17. Antietam- bloodiest single day battle Economic: Major casualties on the South less men to work when they come home. Diplomatic: Brother vs. Brother. French came over to help the South in the war.

18. Emancipation Proclamation Economic: Slaves in certain states were freed- possibly slightly less production in the South Diplomatic: ensured that a compromise was not possible between the Union and Confederacy Social/Cultural: Slaves rejoiced

19. Conscription Economic: Led to draft riots and “sweeping changes” to the economy. Played a part in African Americans and Women joining the war. Social/Cultural: Forced men to be drafted in to the war

20. Clara Barton Economic: She founded the American red Cross

21. Income tax Economic: It was put in place for the growing Northern economy. Social/Cultural: Forced families to help and pay for war

23. Gettysburg Address Political - Unified the nation. Economic – the union dominated the confederacy. Diplomatic – Social/Cultural – People gathered to hear Lincoln speak.

24. Vicksburg Political – The Confederacy was split. Economic – Southern economy declined Diplomatic – Social Cultural – Mississippi was weak and reeling from past losses.

25. Tecumseh (Sherman) Political – Raided and destroyed Georgia Economic – destroyed major Southern cities and lifestock Diplomatic Social/Cultural – almost completely annihilated Georgia

26. Appomattox Political – Confederacy surrender, war over Economic – The North no longer had to spend money on the war. Diplomatic Social/Cultural – ended the war

27. 13 th Amendment Political – banned slavery Economic – slavery could no longer happen Diplomatic – The U.S. was the last nation to outlaw slavery. Social/Cultural – slaves were now free

28. John Wilkes Booth Political – killed the president; Radical views increased Economic – the civil war ended. Diplomatic Social/Cultural – hated Lincoln and killed him

29. Freedman’s Bureau Political- provided legal protection for the poor whites and former slaves. Economic – provided food, clothing, education and help for former slaves. Diplomatic Social/Cultural – helped former slaves

30. Radical Republicans Political – had harsh policies against the South Economic- they wanted to destroy the political power of former slaveholder Diplomatic Social/Cultural – did not like Lincoln’s plan and wanted to punish the South

31. 14 th Amendment Political – states couldn’t deny rights of citizens. Economic – states didn’t have much power anymore Diplomatic Social/Cultural – rights could not be denied

32. 15 th Amendment Political – slaves/blacks could vote; victory for Republicans Economic – more people were now voting and having a say. Diplomatic Social/Cultural – any race can now vote

33. Scalawag Political – improved economic position Economic – they wanted to improve their economic position and regain power. Diplomatic Social/Cultural – southern whites for the Republican Party sounded rediculous.

34. Carpetbaggers Political – strengthened the North’s hold on the South Economic – the North wanted more control of the South Diplomatic – Social/Cultural – Northerners moved south

35. Hiram Revels Political – first African American senator Economic – Plantation owners in the South retained their land. Diplomatic Social/Cultural – the first time a non-white was in the Senate.

36. Sharecropping Political – What is political about this? Economic – probably another way to farm and make money. Diplomatic Social/Cultural – it was another way of farming

37. Ku Klux Klan (KKK) Political – intended to destroy the Republican Party. Economic – If they succeeded, Southern Democrats would regain power. Diplomatic Social/Cultural – hated blacks and disrespected their rights.