1. Chapter 27: Nationalism and Revolutions Around the World

2. Section 1: Struggle in Latin America

3. 1900s in Latin America Latin America’s economy was based on exports
Latin America sent their natural resources and cash crops to industrial countries
Latin America was buying products made from the industrial countries

5. Governments Around Latin America
Uruguay and Argentina had democratic constitutions
Military and small group of wealthy held the power
Middle class peasants had little say in their government

6. The Mexican Revolution
1910- dictator Porfiro Diaz ruled Mexico for 35 years
Diaz welcomed foreign investors to develop mines, railroads, and drilled for oil
Country’s prosperity benefitted only a small group
Most Mexican were Mestizo or Indian peasants
Peasants worked on haciendas- large plantations
Middle class wanted democracy and elite wanted power

7. The Mexican Revolution
Francisco Madero- liberal reformer- demanded free elections
Diaz resigned in 1911
Started a struggle over government form and leaders

8. Revolutions Lead to Change
1917- voters elected Venustiano Carranza president of Mexico
Approved a new constitution that included land and labor reform
Constitution is still used today

9. Constitution of 1917
Addressed three major issues: land, religion, and labor
Constitution strengthened government control over the economy
The government placed restrictions on foreigners owning land
Allowed nationalization- government takeover of natural resources

10. Constitution of 1917 Church land was made “property of the nation”
Constitution set a minimum wage and protected workers right to strike
Constitution gave suffrage to men
Women could have the same jobs as men and same pay

11. The PRI Controls Mexico
Carranza was overthrown in 1920
1929- government established Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
PRI accommodated many groups in Mexican society
Suppressed opposition and dissent
Brought stability to Mexico
Dominated Mexican politics from 1930s to 2000

12. Reforms
1920s- government helped some Indian communities regain lands that had been taken from them
1930s- under President Lazaro Cardenas- millions of acres of land were redistributed to peasants under a communal land program
Government supported labor unions and launched an effort to combat illiteracy

13. Reforms
Mexico became the first Latin American nation to pursue real social and economic reforms for the majority of its people
Government also controlled the economy- specifically the petroleum companies

14. Nationalism at Work in Latin America
Spirit of nationalism- wanted to end economic dependence on the Industrial powers

15. Economic Nationalism
WWI and the Great Depression impacted global economies
Prices for Latin American exports plunged and demand dried up; cost of consumer goods rose
Latin American economies depended on export trade
Economic nationalism- emphasis on home control of the economy
Local entrepreneurs set up factories to produce goods
Governments raised tariffs to protect new industries
Governments invested directly into new business

16. Political Nationalism
Great Depression triggered political changes
Liberalism was found not to work in Latin America
People wanted a government that could control, direct, and protect each country’s economy

17. Cultural Nationalism
Pride in one’s own culture was reflected in the revival of mural painting, a major art form of the Aztecs and Mayas

18. Good Neighbor Policy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBRmlVEvQO4
US were considered the international policemen
Driving Mexican Revolution- US stepped in to support the leaders that favored American interest
1930s- President Franklin Roosevelt- Good Neighbor Policy- US pledges to lessen the interference in the affairs of Latin America

19. Section 2: Nationalism in Africa and the Middle East

20. Africans Resist Colonial Rule
Early 1900s- almost every part of Africa was a European colony
Europeans forced Africans to work on farms and mines
The money that was earned in this work was given to taxes and to the European governments
Kenya and Rhodesia- white settlers forced Africans off the best land

21. Africans Resist Colonial Rule
Only Europeans could grow crops
Kenya- the British made all Africans carry an identification card, imposed a tax on only Africans, and restricted where they could live or travel
In other areas of Africa, the Africans were forced to grow only cash crops which caused famine
During WWI- more than 1 million Africans had fought on behalf of European powers

22. Opposing Imperialism
Many western-educated Africans criticized imperial rule
President Woodrow Wilson asked for self-determination
Socialism began to grow
Protests and opposition multiplied

23. Racial Segregation
whites strengthened their grip in South Africa
Imposed racial segregation
Goal: to ensure white economic, political, and social supremacy
South Africans were evicted from the best land
Europeans abolished the Africans right to vote

24. Apartheid Apartheid- policy of rigid segregation became law
Nelson Mandela! South Africa