1. Classical Analog Synthesis

2. Analog Synthesis Overview Sound is created by controlling electrical current within synthesizer, and amplifying result. Basic components: Oscillators Filters Envelope generators Noise generators Voltage control

3. Oscillators Creates periodic fluctuations in current, usually with selectable waveform. Different waveforms have different harmonic content, or frequency spectra.

4. Filters Given an input signal, attenuate or boost a frequency range to produce an output signal Basic Types: Low pass High pass Band pass Band reject (notch)

5. Envelope Generators Generate a control function that can be applied to various synthesis parameters, including amplitude, pitch, and filter controls.

6. Noise Generators Generate a random, or semi-random fluctuation in current that produces a signal with all frequencies present.

7. Serge Synthesizer An example of a classic analog synthesizer Knobs provide direct control over synthesis parameters; components connected via patch cords. Modular components--could be built to various size/capability configurations Included step-sequencer and touch-control keyboard, but no piano-style keyboard was available (consistent with philosophy of Don Buchla)

8. Digital Synthesis Overview Sound is created by manipulating numbers, converting those numbers to an electrical current, and amplifying result. Numerical manipulations are the same whether they are done with software or hardware. Same capabilities (components) as analog synthesis, plus significant new abilities

9. Types of Analog Synthesis Additive The addition of elementary waveforms to create new sounds. Subtractive Start with a “rich” sound source and attenuate/boost frequencies. Modulation Synthesis (AM, RM, FM) Some aspect of one signal is varies according to an aspect of a second signal.

10. Homework Read pp. 106 - 114 and 134 - 144 in Roads.