1. System R&D on Multi-Standard RF Transceiver for 3G and beyond Advanced System Technology

2. 2 Overview Radio front end for 3G wireless terminals and beyond : driving aspects, re-configurable RF front end, technology Multimode receiver architecture : - key aspects of the receiver and architecture - research technology areas Multimode transmit chain : - key aspects of the transmit chain - research technology areas Summary

3. 3 Advanced System Technology THE PATH TOWARD 4G (Europe) GSM 900MHz DCS 1800MHz PCS 1900MHz 200 KHz GMSK 9.6kbps GPRS 200 KHz GMSK multislot 115kbps EDGE 200 KHz 8PSK 384kbps WCDMA FDD 1.9-2.2GHz 5MHz HPSK 384kbps/2Mbps 2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G WCDMATDD 2Mbps HSDPA 10Mbps 4G MCCDMA 100Mbps ? WLAN 802.11b 2.4GHz 20MHz DSSS 11Mbps 20MHz OFDM 54Mbps WLAN 802.11a 5GHz 20MHz OFDM 54Mbps HIPERLAN2 5GHz

4. 4 Advanced System Technology MULTIMODE 3G TERMINALS  Future wireless terminals will have to be multimode, multi-bands and able to do handover between multiple standards  3 key aspects of the RF transceiver :  Low cost : component count  Low power consumption for battery life enhancement  Performance to enable high data rates and high sensitivity -transceiver architecture -Passive comp.integration -Technology partitionning -Power amplifier system -Technology partitionning

5. 5 Advanced System Technology Transceiver component count and board area

6. 6 Advanced System Technology The handover issue Simultaneous reception in multiple standards or discontinuous reception (compressed mode) ? Simultaneous reception main drawback : parallel transceivers for the different standards have to be implemented in the same phone  cost and battery life are affected Discontinuous reception : allows use of reconfigurable architectures (lower cost and longer battery life) but effect of discontinuous connection of the mobile on the network operation is not clear

7. 7 Advanced System Technology 3G Multimode Terminal GSM/DCS RF RECEIVER GSM/DCS DUAL PA GSM/DCS RX ANALOGBASEBAND GSM/DCS RF AND BB TX GSM/DCS SYNTHESIZER WCDMA RF RECEIVER WCDMA PA WCDMA ANALOGBASEBAND WCDMA RF AND BB TX WCDMA SYNTHESIZER GSM / DCS DIGITAL BASEBAND WCDMA DIGITAL BASEBAND VOICE CODEC AND AUDIO Safe approach but bulky and high cost  The ‘velcro’ solution : duplication of physical layers

8. 8 Advanced System Technology WCDMA FDD CHIP SET REFENCE DESIGN

9. 9 Advanced System Technology 3G Reconfigurable Terminal GSM / DCS WCDMA DIGITAL BASEBAND VOICE CODEC AND AUDIO RECEIVER RF FRONT END: band select, LNA, down conversion ANALOG BB : channel filter, AGC ADC ANALOG BB DAC, filters, mixer, AGC PROGRAMMABLE SYNTHESIZERS POWER AMPLIFIERS + CONTROL MODE SELECT PROG MODE SELECT POWER CONTROL UPConv.

10. 10 Advanced System Technology 3G multimode system approach Architecture : global considerations of RF system to achieve good balance between performance and current consumption. –Receiver : from antenna to ADC converter & Digital Filtering –Transmit : consider the power amplifier in the global definition of the transmit chain Design and implementation : co-design with different technologies (ICs, passives, MEMS ) should allow optimum power consumption : requires CAD tools ; characterization ; models with parasitic effects

11. 11 Advanced System Technology multimode enabling technologies Semiconductor : - deep submicron CMOS for reconfigurable functions such as analog BB, analog filters,synthesizers, digital filters and future combination with digital BB functions - SiGe for high sensitivity (low noise with optimum power consumption) high linearity RF front end functions. - Mix of technologies inside modules for power amplification : GaAs HBT for high linearity standards, LDMOS for low cost /low linearity modulations, CMOS for linearisation functions Passives : high Q passive components for integration in ICs or on dedicated technologies to reduce the radio bill of material. RF filters :Small selective RF filters for multimode receivers covering.9 to 5GHz with low losses (FBAR?) MEMs : mems switches if they have low cost, reliability, low actuation voltage could simplify the architecture of multimode radios. Antennas : small and integrated antennas will be mandatory for future MIMO architectures

12. 12 Advanced System Technology RECEIVE PATH KEY ASPECTS Re-configurable receiver has to be compatible with the multi-standard handover issue Receiver architecture and technology partitioning has to address high sensitivity requirements (-117dBm in UMTS) Receiver architecture and basic blocks performances have to be compatible with multiple bands and both TDD and FDD access Frequency Synthesizers have to be fast for handover issue and cover multiple bands

13. 13 Advanced System Technology Multimode direct conversion receiver for mobile terminal LNA WCDMA BAND SELECT FROM ANTENNA WCDMA BAND SELECT LNA DCS BAND SELECT FROM ANTENNA LNA GSM BAND SELECT FROM ANTENNA ADCADC ADCADC AGC VCO RF 0/90° I/Q DEMOD CHANNEL SELECT I TO BASEBAND Q TO BASEBAND PROG RF=LO 0 WCDMAGSM DC offset cancel DC offset cancel

14. 14 Advanced System Technology RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY AREAS Architectures for re-configurable multi-band receivers : ZIF requires re-configurable analog baseband Ips (filters, ADCs,…) in deep sub-micron CMOS Fast lock-time multi-band synthesizers with integrated VCOs RF filters to replace SAW MEMs configuration switches with low actuation voltages What about RF band-pass sampling in a far future ?

15. 15 Advanced System Technology TRANSMIT PATH KEY ASPECTS The transmit path has to up-convert and amplify signal with constant (GMSK)or variable envelops (WCDMA, EDGE)  TX architecture has to be compatible with both types of modulation The RF power amplifier is the biggest contributor on battery life of the whole radio

16. 16 Advanced System Technology WCDMA Power Amplifier Output Power POWER DISTRIBUTION EFFICIENCY POWER DISTRIBUTION OVER TIME : There is a need for power efficiency in the 0dBm range and lower. The transceiver system has to be understood globally (baseband+RF+power amplifier ) for the best use of different technologies (linearisation, power management, amplification,…)

17. 17 Advanced System Technology RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY AREAS Transmit path architectures : find architectures for multi- bands, multiple types of modulations and OFDM in the future. Direct conversion, polar modulations,… Linearisation techniques to enhance the efficiency of RF power amplifiers What about mems for reconfigurable matching networks inside power amplifiers ?

18. 18 Advanced System Technology SUMMARY The trend is to re-configurable radio front-ends for multiple reasons : multi-standard, cost, small form factors, MIMO, future ‘ubiquitos systems ‘ The transceiver has to be considered globally from antenna to digital baseband and use multiple technologies in a power conscious co-design Some key functions : re-configurable analog and mixed blocks in deep sub-micron CMOS, low-noise/low power SiGe blocks for high sensitivity front-ends Techniques for efficient RF power amplification will be mandatory to save battery life New technologies like MEMS, FBAR could play significant role if mature