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Patricia Dotson & Erika Conde ANXIETY DISORDERS: OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER AND CLAUSTROPHOBIA
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OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER
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Causes Areas of the brain Hereditary Signs and Symptoms Repeated thoughts or images Rituals No control Brief relief Who’s at risk? Childhood and teen years Equal among men and women Diagnosis Obsessions and/or Compulsions Excessive or Unreasonable Time-consuming Obsession Criteria Persistent/Unwelcomed thoughts causing distress Compulsive behaviors Compulsion Criteria Repetitive behaviors Treatments Psychotherapy Medication OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER
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Inherited Factors: 1.No specific genes have been discovered Obsessive-compulsive disorder: An information guide ( © 2001 CAMH) Inherited Factors: 1.No specific genes have been discovered Obsessive-compulsive disorder: An information guide ( © 2001 CAMH) Constitutional (biological) Vulnerability Psychiatric Outcome: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Cognitive Factors: 1.Obsessions 2.Compulsions 3.Time-consuming Rituals 4.Exaggerated Responsibility Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Unearthing a Hidden Problem – Sayegh, Bea, Angelopoulos Cognitive Factors: 1.Obsessions 2.Compulsions 3.Time-consuming Rituals 4.Exaggerated Responsibility Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Unearthing a Hidden Problem – Sayegh, Bea, Angelopoulos Stress (Sociocultural Factors): 1.Emotional stress, such as new job or ending a relationship 2.Life Events Obsessive-compulsive disorder: An information guide ( © 2001 CAMH) Stress (Sociocultural Factors): 1.Emotional stress, such as new job or ending a relationship 2.Life Events Obsessive-compulsive disorder: An information guide ( © 2001 CAMH) Neuromaturational Factors (Biological): 1.Levels of Serotonin 2.Brain Activity – caudate nucleus, prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Unearthing a Hidden Problem – Sayegh, Bea, Angelopoulos Neuromaturational Factors (Biological): 1.Levels of Serotonin 2.Brain Activity – caudate nucleus, prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Unearthing a Hidden Problem – Sayegh, Bea, Angelopoulos
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CLAUSTROPHOBIA
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Causes Childhood Trauma Classical Conditioning Smaller Amygdala Prepared Phobia Signs and Symptoms Hyperventilation Panic Attacks Sweating Who’s at risk? Children/teens Diagnosis Claustrophobia Questionnaire Claustrophobia Scale Treatments CBT (Cognitive Behavior Therapy) Drug Therapy Relaxation Exercises Alternative/Natural medicines CLAUSTROPHOBIA
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http://www.me dicalnewstoday. com/articles/3 7062.php VIDEO
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Inherited Factors: 1.Family History 2.Evolutionary survival mechanism 3.History of nervousness Murphy & JA Brunberg (1997): anxiety and sedation in MRI Inherited Factors: 1.Family History 2.Evolutionary survival mechanism 3.History of nervousness Murphy & JA Brunberg (1997): anxiety and sedation in MRI Constitutional (biological) Vulnerability Psychiatric Outcome: Claustrophobia Cognitive Factors: 1.Perceived absence of control Claustrophobia in MRI: the role of cognitions (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Cognitive Factors: 1.Perceived absence of control Claustrophobia in MRI: the role of cognitions (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) Stress (Sociocultural Factors): 1.Associated with confinement/restriction- generally coincides the fear of suffocation 2.Result of traumatic or unpleasant experiences (panic attacks) Murphy & JA Brunberg (1997): anxiety and sedation in MRI Stress (Sociocultural Factors): 1.Associated with confinement/restriction- generally coincides the fear of suffocation 2.Result of traumatic or unpleasant experiences (panic attacks) Murphy & JA Brunberg (1997): anxiety and sedation in MRI Neuromaturational Factors (Biological): 1.Certain Brain Functions affect the onset of anxiety disorders 2.Lower levels of GABA 3. RRP Theory 4. Amygdala dysfunction Neuromaturational Factors (Biological): 1.Certain Brain Functions affect the onset of anxiety disorders 2.Lower levels of GABA 3. RRP Theory 4. Amygdala dysfunction
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http://www.ccjm.org/content/70/10/824.full.pdf+html http://download.journals.elsevierhealth.com/pdfs/journals/0 890-8567/PIIS0890856709658615.pdf http://www.camh.ca/en/hospital/health_information/a_z_me ntal_health_and_addiction_information/obsessive_compulsiv e_disorder/obsessive_compulsive_disorder_information_guide /Pages/ocd_causes.aspx#biological http://anxietysupportcenter.com/panic-anxiety- disorders/claustrophobia/ http://www.epigee.org/mental_health/claustrophobia.html http://www.bozemanskinclinic.com/rrp/claustrophobia.php BIBLIOGRAPHY
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