1. Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders (anxiety, affective, or eating disorders)

2. Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders
Prevalence is a statistical concept in medicine (or psychiatry). It refers to the percentage of individuals within a population who are affected by a specific disorder either currently or during their lifetime. Prevalence rates change cross-culturally and between genders.

3. Affective disorder: major depression
Symptoms
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

4. Physiological Symptoms:
Fatigue or loss of energy
significant weight loss or gain
loss of appetite
headaches, and pain
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

5. Cognitive Symptoms: Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
difficulties concentrating
negative attitudes towards the self, the world and the future.
(Feelings of guilt and worthlessness seem to be symptoms that are primarily experienced in Western cultures).
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

6. Emotional Symptoms: Distress and sadness
loss of interest in the world.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

7. Behavioral Symptoms: Disturbed sleep patterns
self-destructive behavior (suicidal thoughts)
avoidance of social company.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

8. Prevalence of Major Depression
The National Comorbidity Study (1994) found that prevalence for lifetime major depression in the USA was 17.1%.
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in the USA found that lifetime prevalence of depression was 16.6% with 13.2 % for males and 20.2 for females (Kessler et al. 2005).
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

9. Eating disorder: bulima nervosa
Symptoms
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

10. Physiological Symptoms:
Nutritional deficiencies and hormonal changes could lead to
disturbances in the menstrual cycle
Fatigue
digestive problems
Tooth decay
muscle cramping.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

11. Cognitive Symptoms: Distorted body image low self-esteem
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders
Cognitive Symptoms:
Distorted body image
low self-esteem
sense of lack of control during binge-eating episodes

12. Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

13. Emotional Symptoms: Fear of becoming fat (fat phobia)
body dissatisfaction
depressed mood.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

14. Behavioral Symptoms:
Self-starvation in combination with recurrent binge eating episodes and compensatory behavior such as vomiting and misuse of laxatives to avoid weight gain.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

15. Prevalence of Bulimia Nervosa
Fairburn and Beglin (1990) found that bulimia nervosa affected between 1 and 2 % of young women in the USA and the UK.
APA (2000) estimated 1–3% of young adult females to have Bulimia.
The disorder occurs much less frequently in men.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

16. Anorexia Nervosa
People who have anorexia have an intense fear of gaining weight.
They severely limit the amount of food they eat and can become dangerously thin.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

17. Anorexia Nervosa
Starts earlier than bulimia (teens compared to early twenties)
It may start as dieting, but it gets out of control.
You think about food, dieting, and weight all the time.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

18. Anorexia Nervosa
People with anorexia may severely limit the amount of food they eat. Or they eat and then make themselves throw up. Other behaviors include:
Cutting food into small pieces or moving them around the plate instead of eating
Exercising all the time, even when the weather is bad, they are hurt, or their schedule is busy
Going to the bathroom right after meals
Refusing to eat around other people
Using pills to make themselves urinate (water pills or diuretics), have a bowel movement (enemas and laxatives), or decrease their appetite (diet pills)
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

19. Anorexia Nervosa Early treatment can be very effective.
But if not treated early, anorexia can become a lifelong problem.
Untreated anorexia can lead to starvation and serious health problems, such as bone thinning, kidney damage, and heart problems.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders

20. Treatment
The biggest challenge in treating anorexia nervosa is helping the person recognize that he or she has an illness.
Most people DENY
Goals of treatment are to restore normal body weight and eating habits.
Describe symptoms and prevalence of two disorders