1. Plug-In Electric Vehicle Policy Analysis Clean Cities Coalition/Western Michigan University Rob Ozar PE, Manager Energy Efficiency Section Michigan Public Service Commission

2. Transportation Electrification 1) Balance of Trade/Oil Imports 2) National Security 3) Environment

3. Barriers to Electric Vehicle Adoption Only 7% of car buyers are likely to consider electric vehicles. Only 7% of car buyers are likely to consider electric vehicles. Source: Kelly Blue Book Source: Kelly Blue Book Key Concerns: Key Concerns: 1) Range anxiety (drivable range) 2) Availability of public charging stations 3) Initial cost Nissan Leaf Ford Focus

4. Customer Wants… 74% of customers indicated that public fast charging facilities would influence their decision to purchase a PEV. 74% of customers indicated that public fast charging facilities would influence their decision to purchase a PEV. Source: MPSC/DTE/U of M Grant Source: MPSC/DTE/U of M Grant Customers want… Customers want… Less than 15 minute charge time Less than 15 minute charge time 350 mile range 350 mile range Additional Purchase Incentives Additional Purchase Incentives Source: Kelly Blue Book Source: Kelly Blue Book

5. PEV Range from Lansing (24 kWh - limited public charging stations) 30 Miles each way

6. PEV Range from Lansing (24 kWh - available public charging stations) 60 Miles

7. PEV Range from Lansing (36 kWh - available public charging stations) 100 Miles

8. PEV Range from Lansing (48 kWh - available public charging stations) 140 Miles

9. Short-Charge Range Realities ChargeType Charge Rate (kW) Range Per 1 Hour Charge (miles) Level 1 1.57.5 Level 2 3.316.5 6.633 >6.6>33

11. Public Charging Station Economics with 5 year Payback $0.22/kWh Mark-up

14. Conflicting Public Policies Economic Policy promoting public charging stations to decrease range anxiety may work against utility regulatory policy promoting off-peak charging. Economic Policy promoting public charging stations to decrease range anxiety may work against utility regulatory policy promoting off-peak charging. Current limits regarding sale-for-resale need to be re-evaluated. Note FERC Order 888: “ The term “sale of electric energy at wholesale” when used in this Part means a sale of electric energy to any person for resale.” Current limits regarding sale-for-resale need to be re-evaluated. Note FERC Order 888: “ The term “sale of electric energy at wholesale” when used in this Part means a sale of electric energy to any person for resale.” Connors Creek / DTE