1. Soc. 3155 Elaboration of Bivariate Tables

2. Original Table Showing Bivariate Relationship DelinquentSgl. Parent%2 Parent%Total Yes2855273455 No2245536675 Total5010080100130 Gamma =.43

3. Partial Tables Controlling for Residence Delinq.Sgl. Parent%2 Parent%Total Yes2057213541 No1543396554 Total351006010095 Gamma =.43 Urban Residents Delinq.Sgl. Parent%2 Parent%Total Yes85363414 No747146621 Total151002010035 Rural Residents Gamma =.45 No Change from original = Direct Relationship

4. Graphs showing no change from original

5. Partial Tables Controlling for Parental Substance Abuse Delinq.Sgl. Parent%2 Parent%Total Yes425163520 No1275486560 Total161006410080 Gamma = 0 Parents are not substance abusers Delinq.Sgl. Parent%2 Parent%Total Yes2471116935 No102953115 Total341001610050 Parents are substance abusers Gamma =.04 Original relationship disappears or declines = spurious or intervening relationship

6. Graphs showing original relationship declines in presence of control

7. Substance abuse Family type Delinquency CV as spurious cause of IV and DV Substance abuse Family typeDelinquency CV as intervening B/T IV and DV

8. Partial Tables Controlling for Income Level Delinq.Sgl. Parent%2 Parent%Total Yes2569126737 No1131 63317 Total361001810054 Gamma = -.06 Low income Delinq.Sgl. Parent%2 Parent%Total Yes 321152418 No1179477658 Total141006210076 High Income Gamma = -.08 Original relationship disappears or declines = spurious or intervening relationship

9. Graphs showing original relationship declines in presence of control

10. Income Family type Delinquency CV as spurious cause of IV and DV IncomeFamily typeDelinquency CV as intervening B/T IV and DV

11. Partial Tables Controlling for Gender Delinq.Sgl. Parent%2 Parent%Total Yes2162102031 No1338408053 Total341005010084 Gamma =.73 Boys Delinq.Sgl. Parent%2 Parent%Total Yes 7211724 No979137622 Total161003010046 Girls Gamma = -.25 Original relationship is different for different categories of CV = interaction

12. Graphs showing original relationship is different for different categories of control

13. Family typeDelinquency For Boys: (Strong) Family type Delinquency For Girls: (Weak) Interaction Effect

14. Partial Tables Controlling for Parenting Style Delinq.Sgl. Parent%2 Parent%Total Yes 420168020 No1680 420 Total201002010040 Gamma = -.88 Authoritarian Parents Delinq.Sgl. Parent%2 Parent%Total Yes2480111835 No620498255 Total301006010090 Permissive Parents Gamma =.89 Original relationship is stronger in presence of CV = suppressor effect: a type of interaction. Often relationship B/T IV and DV is opposite for different categories of CV. Failing to control hides or suppresses the true relationship.

15. Graphs showing original relationship is stronger in presence of control