1. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 5: The Integumentary System

2. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease The Integumentary System Composed of two parts –Skin –Associated structures

3. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Structure of the Skin The skin consists of two layers –Epidermis –Dermis Underneath and supporting the dermis is the subcutaneous layer.

4. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Structure of the Skin Epidermis

5. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Structure of the Skin Dermis

6. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Structure of the Skin Subcutaneous Layer

7. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Figure 5-1 Cross-section of the skin. How is the epidermis supplied with oxygen and nutrients? What tissue is located beneath the skin?

8. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Accessory Structures of the Skin Help protect the skin and give it more functions Include: –Sebaceous oil glands Secrete sebum –Sudoriferous glands –Hair –Nails

9. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Accessory Structures of the Skin Glands

10. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Accessory Structures of the Skin Hair and Nails

11. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Figure 5-5 Nail structure.

12. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Functions of the Integumentary System Four major functions: 1.Protection against infection 2.Protection against dehydration (drying) 3.Regulation of body temperature 4.Collection of sensory information

13. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Functions of the Integumentary System Protection Against Infection Intact skin forms a primary barrier against invasion. Interlocking pattern resists penetration. Shedding removes pathogens. Protects against bacterial toxins Protects against some harmful environmental chemicals

14. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Functions of the Integumentary System Protection Against Dehydration Skin prevents water loss by evaporation. –Keratin in the epidermis –Sebum release from the sebaceous glands

15. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Functions of the Integumentary System Regulation of Body Temperature Loss of excess heat and protection from cold are important functions of the skin. –Constriction of blood vessels –Dilation of blood vessels –Evaporation of perspiration

16. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Functions of the Integumentary System Collection of Sensory Information Skin has many nerve endings and other special receptors. –Free nerve endings –Touch receptors (Meissner corpuscle) –Deep pressure receptors (Pacinian corpuscle)

17. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Functions of the Integumentary System Other Activities of the Skin Absorption of substances such as medications Excretion –Water –Electrolytes –Wastes Manufacture of vitamin D

18. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Color of the Skin Factors that influence skin color include: –Melanin Skins main pigment –Hemoglobin Carries oxygen in RBC’s –Carotene Skin pigment derived from carrots –Bile pigments

19. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Repair of the Integument Wound Healing Occurs only in areas with actively dividing cells –Epithelial tissues –Connective tissues –Minimally in muscle and nervous tissue Factors That Affect Healing –Nutrition –Blood supply –Infection –Age

20. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Effects of Aging on the Integumentary System Age-related changes in –Skin –Tissues –Pigment –Hair –Sweat glands –Circulation –Fingernails and toenails

21. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Care of the Skin Proper nutrition Adequate circulation Regular cleansing –Removes dirt and dead skin –Sustains slightly acid environment to inhibit bacteria Protection from sunlight –Exposure to UV light causes genetic mutations in skin that can lead to cancer, and causes premature aging.

22. Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Cohen: Memmler’s The Human Body in Health and Disease Word Anatomy