1. Are emotions universal or contingent?

2. 2 Como vai? How are your? Comment allez-vous ?

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4. Are there cultural differences on the MSCEIT scores across French (individualists) and Pakistani (collectivists)? Study conducted by Karim Jahanvasch (2009) 1.Cultural differences: Gert Hofstede 2.Emotions 3.The MSCEIT Test 4.Results of the research 4

5. Culture's Consequences, Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations. Geert Hofstede, 2001 Collectivism vs. Individualism Small vs. Large Power Distance Weak vs. Strong Uncertainty Avoidance Femininity vs. Masculinity Long term orientation vs Short I ntercultural Differences

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7. 7 Brazil Vs France

8. 8 Brazil Vs Denmark

9. Véronique.moncada@iae-aix.com Emotions are our feelings. Literally. We feel them in our bodies as tingles, hot spots and muscular tension. Our muscles tense or relax. Our blood vessels dilate or contract. When we feel emotionally, we also feel physically. Our emotions can thus make us feel uncomfortable or comfortable, sending us signals to do something urgently or to stay in our comfortable state. E motions

10. Véronique.moncada@iae-aix.com Emotions of wanting: greed, hope, envy, desire, love Emotions of not wanting: fear, shame, repulsion, contentment Emotions of having: happiness, pride, guilt, jealousy Emotions of not having: anger, sadness, distress Other emotions: surprise E motions

11. Véronique.moncada@iae-aix.com Our emotions are perhaps the greatest potential source of uniting all members of the human species. Emotions, on the one hand, are universal But, on the other hand, their EXPRESSION is cultural Beliefs divide us. Emotions unite us E motions

12. Véronique.moncada@iae-aix.com Emotions are our most reliable indicators of how things are going on in our lives We cannot change our emotions. We cannot control them. But we can manage them. Manage your emotions, or your emotions will manage you. E motions

13. Véronique.moncada@iae-aix.com In any interpersonal relationship emotions and feelings do play a big role. Often we are not very conscious of these feelings and in intercultural encounters interpreting different feelings and emotions becomes even more challenging. We need to develop our Emotional Intelligence (EI) E motions

14. 14 Peter Salovey Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test David R. Caruso John (Jack) D. Mayer M SCEIT

15. Véronique.moncada@iae-aix.com Perceiving Emotions - the ability to recognize how you and those around you are feeling Using Emotions - the ability to generate emotion, and then use this emotion in tasks (creativity, conflicts…) Understanding Emotions - the ability to understand complex emotions and emotional "chains", how emotions transition from one stage to another Managing Emotions - the ability which allows you to manage emotions in your self and in others, to develop interlligent strategies to achieve outcomes.. M SCEIT

16. 16 Measure of one’s emotional ability = one’s capacity to reason with emotional content and to use the emotional content to enhance thought. M SCEIT

17. 17 Factors 1 - Perceiving emotions Accurately identify emotions in people and objects Faces : identify subtle emotions in faces Pictures : identify emotions in complex landscapes and designs M SCEIT

18. 18 Factors 2 - Using emotions Generate an emotion and solve problems with that emotion Facilitation : knowledge of how moods impact thinking Sensations : relate various feeling sensations to emotions M SCEIT

19. 19 Factors 3 - Understanding emotions Understanding the cause of emotions Changes : Multiple choice questions about how emotions changes over time Blends : multiple choice emotion vocabulary definitions M SCEIT

20. 20 Factors 4 - Managing emotions Stay open to emotions and blend with thinking Emotion Management: indicate effectivness of various solutions to internal problems Emotional Relations: indicate effectivness of various solutions to problems involving other poeple M SCEIT

21. 21 Hierarchy from more basic to more psychologically complex 1.Perceiving emotions 2.Using emotions 3.Understanding emotions 4.Managing emotions Experiential EI Strategic EI Factors M SCEIT

22. 22 Study conducted by Karim Jahanvasch (2009) Emotions at an international level: comparison of MSCEIT results in France and Pakistan S tudy

23. 23 Are there cultural differences on the MSCEIT scores across individualistic and collectivistic cultures? -Individualism-collectivism is a major dimension of cultural variable (Hofstede, 1980) -This dimension of culture exists across a wide range of emotion-related abilities that essentially comprise the construct of emotional ability (Matsumoto, 1992; Fernandez et al. 2000; Gross et al. 2003). -Based on this literature, people from individualistic cultures are better in recognizing, understanding, expressing, and regulating their emotions. S tudy

24. 24 Individualistic country: France (ranks 71) Sample: 111 students of the University in Aix-en- Provence (62 females) Collectivistic country: Pakistan (ranks 14) Sample: 81 students of the University in Balochistan (29 females) Both samples -Students from management schools -Average age = 29,5 (SD 8,5) -Good command of English S tudy

25. 25 Results of the study There are several significant crosscultural differences: –Factorial invariance of MSCEIT accross cultures => MSCEIT across both cultures can be interpreted in the same way (emotional factors are universal, it is their manifestation that differs across cultures) –French (individualistic culture) performed better that their Pakistani (collectivistic culture) counterparts in the four dimensions of the emotional ability measured by MSCEIT –Independent sample t tests on MSCEIT dimensions : perceiving emotions (t=2,39, p<0,05, Cohen’s d=0,35) using emotions (t=2,06, p<0,05, Cohen’s d=0,30), understanding emotions (t=6,24, p<0,001, Cohen’s d=0,92), and managing emotions (t=5,05, p<0,001, Cohen’s d=0,75) S tudy

26. 26 Limitations of the study Sample limitations: –The sample at a single university may not reflect the culture of a heterogeneous nation –Students may experience different levels of emotional ability from a general working adult population (Day et al. 2005). S tudy

27. Avez-vous des questions ? Any question? Alguma pergunta? 27