1. Other Invasive Insects Or What Else do I Need to Worry About?

2. Most insects are beneficial pollinators predators and parasites detritivores food!

3. Native vs. Invasive Trees have some resistance Predators and parasites Populations often cycle Example: spruce budworm Trees often have no resistance Few or no effective natural enemies Populations keep on rising

4. Reasons why you are glad you live Downeast

5. Browntail Moth

6. Winter Moth Pupates in soil May-Nov

7. Hemlock ~1/8” discrete white woolly masses Undersides of twigs Base of needle Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Photos: USFS Photo: Maine Forest Service

8. Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Forest: Alfred, Arundel, Berwick, Biddeford, Kennebunk, Old Orchard Beach and Topsham (detection survey); Scarborough (trained volunteer). Planted (EHS+HWA): Mount Desert, Sedgewick

9. HWA Crawlers, Crawlers, Everywhere! April - July Abundant Very Mobile Nearly Invisible

10. Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (HWA) Chemical treatment – when high risk of human spread Biocontrol – best long- term solution. In areas protected from development. Outreach and public education.

11. Elongate Hemlock Scale First detected in ME in 2009 Not quarantined – depend on public reporting Attacks fir and spruce as well Chemical control on planted trees to reduce spread to native forest Maine Dept. Ag.

13. Two Invasives of Concern (not found here yet)

14. Brown Spruce Longhorned Beetle Photo: Georgette Smith, bugwood.org Longhorned beetle (Cerambycid)

15. New Find 2011

16. Maine Hosts: Spruce (fir, larch, pines) Photos: Maine Forest Service, Forest Policy and Management

17. Recognizing BSLB Photos: CFIA (left), Jon Sweeney, bugwood.org (middle and right) Round to D-shaped 1/8” exit holes Resin Covered Trunks Yellowing Foliage

18. Recognizing BSLB Photos: Georgette Smith, bugwood.org L-Shaped Pupal Chamber Larval Feeding Tunnels

19. Recognizing (what is not) BSLB Spruce Beetle – Native pest – Pitch tubes (not always) – Round exit holes (smaller)

20. Questions? Photo: Jon Sweeney, Natural Resources Canada, Bugwood.org

21. Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) Pest and Diseases Image Library, Bugwood.org Bright metallic green -½ inch long

22. Emerald Ash Borer - long and narrow - likely to be found near ash trees Tiger Beetle - broader - definite ‘shoulders’ - often flies near ground (very fast)

23. Will our cold winters protect us from EAB?

25. Maine Hosts: White, Green, Brown Ash WhiteGreenBrown WhiteGreen Brown Photos: Maine Forest Service, Forest Policy and Management

26. Crown Decline (top down) Troy Kimoto, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Bugwood.org

27. Epicormic Shoots

28. S-shaped Galleries

29. D-shaped exit holes Photo: University of Wisconsin Entomology

30. Bark Splitting Michigan Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org

31. USDA Forest Service - Region 8 Archive, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Recognizing EAB David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org Jim Tresouthick, Village of Homewood, Bugwood.org

32. Impact Hosts all – Attacks all species of North American ash all – Kills all of the trees it attacks – Has killed 10’s of millions of trees since 2002 – Has the potential to wipe out ash in NA Photo: Maine Department of Agriculture

33. The Enemy Killed tens of millions of trees since 2002 Spread to 18 states and 2 provinces No effective natural enemies (yet) Little or no tree resistance Emerald Ash Borer One of the biggest problems… No good method of monitoring for EAB

34. Purple Traps Trap Trees Biosurveillance So How Do We Monitor For EAB? Public Education

35. Purple Sticky Traps - Least sensitive -Most user friendly -Cheapest 2012 – 965 traps 2013 – 852 traps

36. Trap trees -fairly sensitive -lots of work!

37. Volunteer trap-tree network 2013 – hope to involve state parks and MFS foresters

39. Biosurveillance

40. Cerceris fumipennis - Native wasp -Solitary ground-nester (in colonies) -Non-stinging -Provisions its nest with adult buprestids (metallic wood-boring beetles) -Is capable of finding EAB at low levels BIOSURVEILLANCE Family: Crabronidae (hunting wasps)

41. Wasp colonies used for biosurveillance Colonies not used

42. If we find an EAB infestation early… Smaller area infested, fewer beetles present Much lower chance of inadvertent spread Smaller quarantine We have more management options Management is much more effective

43. We found EAB! Now what??? Delimiting survey (monitoring) SLAM: SLow Ash Mortality (management of EAB) Biological control Pesticide options

44. 3 Parasitic Wasps Spathius Tetrastichus Oobius

45. SLow Ash Mortality Delimiting survey Remove large trees in infested area Girdle trees to concentrate & remove EAB Can concentrate and reduce EAB popluation

47. Firewood