1. Working time in the 5 th EWCS: some findings from the overview report Greet Vermeylen Conference: how to make a working environment more human? Slovenia, 6 October 2011

2. Working time in context Evolution of working conditions  Diversified work patterns  Life course perspective: transitions  Men and women on the labour market: availability for work Patterns of work and social model  Different cultural, social models male breadwinner, modified male breadwinner, dual earners  Work-life balance, gender…  Social infrastructure: care, schools, etc European competitiveness in a global economy  Companies try to cope with changing market demands  Flexibility practices : working time flexibility (&other forms of flexibililty)

3. 5 th EWCS and working time working time duration  Working time is decreasing on average From 40.5 hrs/week in 1991 (EC12) to 37.5 hrs/week in EU27 (2010) - On average men work 7 hrs more than women in paid empl - However: paid + unpaid work: women work more  Time segregation (next to occupational/sectoral/pay segreg) - Women work more shorter hours -Men work more longer hours -But women do bulk of household work preferences  Preferences do not always match with what we do: Precariousness, overworked,…

4. Evolution of weekly working hours, 1991 – 2010, EC12, EU15 and EU27 (%)

5. Average working hours and distribution of working hours, per country

6. Working time duration and stress Long working hours : - Slightly decreasing but still 54% of self-employed with employees, 43% of self-employed without employees and 11 % of employees - work 48 + hours per week - -> Report more health problems, work life balance problems and work intensity - Short working hours (particularly short part time) - Increasing, mostly female phenomenon (gender segregation) - Can be linked with other psychosocial risks mainly related to job and financial insecurity

7. Working long hours … Working less than 48hWorking 48 h or more Problems with work life balance 16%38% Work affects my health negatively 23%37% Work intensity (high speed > ½ time) 44%54% Work nearly every day in free time to meet work demands 3%19% Consulted for your work targets 22%29% I feel at home at work22 %33 %

8. Working hours preference, by gender, age and employment status, 2010, EU27 (%)

9. Working hours preference, by country, 2010, EU27 (%)

10. Working all around the clock? Working time organisation  Standard working time still the norm for the majority of workers (9 to 5 jobs / same hours/ same nr of days etc) This is more the case for women than for men…  But a considerable proportion of workers work at ‘other times’ 16% of the workers work long days (5+ times/month) 10% of workers do night work (+ 3 times/month) 17% of the workers do shift work 20% work on call 53% work at the weekend at least once a month 26% work at least one Sunday a month

11. Working shifts, on call Shift work No shift work On callNot on call Problems with WLB 29%15%26%17% Work affect my health negatively 33%23%31%23% Work intensity (high speed ½) 55%44%51%44% Consulted for your work targets 40%48%52%46% I feel at home at work 60%62%69%

12. Work intensity at very high levels: working to tight deadlines EC12, EU15 and EU27, 1991-2010 (%)

13. Work intensity over time – country results working at high speed

14. Work intensity over time – country results working to tight deadlines

15. Work life balance Fit between working life and private life is influenced by a nr of elements…  Working time arrangements paid and unpaid work  Working time capability preferences and working hrs by gender/age/household structure  Working time fragmentation employment conditions and working time  Working time arrangements Flexitime, predictability & variability, being able to take time off, work in free time … blurring fronteers between work and private life

16. Work life balance 18% of workers have problems with work-life balance  Men > women  esp. men 30-49 yrs old  Dissatisfaction for women more evenly spread over career  Children and the partner’s work situation is determinant But flexibility of workers and employers  One third of the workers can easily take 1 hour off Easier for men than for women  More than one third of the workers work in their free time Slightly more men and for women Nearly 20 % (both men and women) do this more than once per week

17. Cinderella … the story continues… 5 th EWCS

18. Thank you More info: www.eurofound.europa.euwww.eurofound.europa.eu Survey Map Tool, overview report, secondary analyses Data will be available through Essex Data Archive gve@eurofound.europa.eu