1. Utilitarianism

2. Main claim:

3. Utilitarianism Main claim: Something is right to the degree that it increases overall well-being, and wrong to the degree that it decreases overall well-being.

4. Utilitarianism Main claim: Something is right to the degree that it increases overall well-being, and wrong to the degree that it decreases overall well-being.

5. Utilitarianism Main claim: Something is right to the degree that it increases overall well-being, and wrong to the degree that it decreases overall well-being.

6. Utilitarianism Main claim: Something is right to the degree that it increases overall well-being, and wrong to the degree that it decreases overall well-being. Impartial

7. Utilitarianism Main claim: Something is right to the degree that it increases overall well-being, and wrong to the degree that it decreases overall well-being. Impartial Long-term consequences

8. Utilitarianism Main claim: Something is right to the degree that it increases overall well-being, and wrong to the degree that it decreases overall well-being. Impartial Long-term consequences Duty to be informed

9. Utilitarianism Main claim: Something is right to the degree that it increases overall well-being, and wrong to the degree that it decreases overall well-being. Impartial Long-term consequences Duty to be informed Indifference to distribution

10. Utilitarianism Main claim: Something is right to the degree that it increases overall well-being, and wrong to the degree that it decreases overall well-being. Impartial Long-term consequences Duty to be informed Indifference to distribution Results vs. intent

11. Arguments against:

12. Against hedonism

13. Arguments against: Against hedonism Happiness not the end

14. Arguments against: Against hedonism Happiness not the end "A doctrine worthy only of swine"

15. Arguments against: Against hedonism Happiness not the end "A doctrine worthy only of swine" Against impartiality

16. Arguments against: Against hedonism Happiness not the end "A doctrine worthy only of swine" Against impartiality Supererogatory acts

17. Arguments against: Against hedonism Happiness not the end "A doctrine worthy only of swine" Against impartiality Supererogatory acts Personal relationships

18. Arguments against: Against hedonism Happiness not the end "A doctrine worthy only of swine" Against impartiality Supererogatory acts Personal relationships Against consequentialism

19. Arguments against: Against hedonism Happiness not the end "A doctrine worthy only of swine" Against impartiality Supererogatory acts Personal relationships Against consequentialism Complexity

20. Arguments against: Against hedonism Happiness not the end "A doctrine worthy only of swine" Against impartiality Supererogatory acts Personal relationships Against consequentialism Complexity Backward-looking obligations

21. Arguments against: Against hedonism Happiness not the end "A doctrine worthy only of swine" Against impartiality Supererogatory acts Personal relationships Against consequentialism Complexity Backward-looking obligations Justice

22. Cecilia is a surgeon who specializes in organ transplants. She is distraught about four prominent citizens at the top of the waiting list for organ donations, all of whom perform valuable services to society, all of whom have large families who depend on them, and all of whom will soon die unless organ donors are found.

23. Cecilia is a surgeon who specializes in organ transplants. She is distraught about four prominent citizens at the top of the waiting list for organ donations, all of whom perform valuable services to society, all of whom have large families who depend on them, and all of whom will soon die unless organ donors are found. Cecilia also volunteers in a community clinic once a month. One day while she is alone there, Jeb walks in. Jeb is new in town, has no friends or family, no job, no place to live, and is a high-school dropout. He asks to be given a routine physical examination. As Cecilia analyzes his blood sample, she realizes that Jeb is an excellent tissue match for the four people who need organs (they all need different organs, so Jeb by himself has the organs that could save them).

24. Cecilia is a surgeon who specializes in organ transplants. She is distraught about four prominent citizens at the top of the waiting list for organ donations, all of whom perform valuable services to society, all of whom have large families who depend on them, and all of whom will soon die unless organ donors are found. Cecilia also volunteers in a community clinic once a month. One day while she is alone there, Jeb walks in. Jeb is new in town, has no friends or family, no job, no place to live, and is a high-school dropout. He asks to be given a routine physical examination. As Cecilia analyzes his blood sample, she realizes that Jeb is an excellent tissue match for the four people who need organs (they all need different organs, so Jeb by himself has the organs that could save them). Assume that Cecilia has exactly two choices of action: Allow Jeb to leave the clinic, and let the four people die;

25. Cecilia is a surgeon who specializes in organ transplants. She is distraught about four prominent citizens at the top of the waiting list for organ donations, all of whom perform valuable services to society, all of whom have large families who depend on them, and all of whom will soon die unless organ donors are found. Cecilia also volunteers in a community clinic once a month. One day while she is alone there, Jeb walks in. Jeb is new in town, has no friends or family, no job, no place to live, and is a high-school dropout. He asks to be given a routine physical examination. As Cecilia analyzes his blood sample, she realizes that Jeb is an excellent tissue match for the four people who need organs (they all need different organs, so Jeb by himself has the organs that could save them). Assume that Cecilia has exactly two choices of action: Allow Jeb to leave the clinic, and let the four people die; Kill Jeb, harvest his organs, and save the four people (assume she can do this without getting caught).

26. Cecilia is a surgeon who specializes in organ transplants. She is distraught about four prominent citizens at the top of the waiting list for organ donations, all of whom perform valuable services to society, all of whom have large families who depend on them, and all of whom will soon die unless organ donors are found. Cecilia also volunteers in a community clinic once a month. One day while she is alone there, Jeb walks in. Jeb is new in town, has no friends or family, no job, no place to live, and is a high-school dropout. He asks to be given a routine physical examination. As Cecilia analyzes his blood sample, she realizes that Jeb is an excellent tissue match for the four people who need organs (they all need different organs, so Jeb by himself has the organs that could save them). Assume that Cecilia has exactly two choices of action: Allow Jeb to leave the clinic, and let the four people die; Kill Jeb, harvest his organs, and save the four people (assume she can do this without getting caught). Which action would produce the best consequences if Cecilia were to perform it?

27. Defenses:

28. Defenses: Examples calculate consequences wrongly

29. Defenses: Examples calculate consequences wrongly Rejection of moral intuitions as standard

30. Defenses: Examples calculate consequences wrongly Rejection of moral intuitions as standard Overgeneralizing

31. Defenses: Examples calculate consequences wrongly Rejection of moral intuitions as standard Overgeneralizing Rule utilitarianism

32. Cecilia is a surgeon who specializes in organ transplants. She is distraught about four prominent citizens at the top of the waiting list for organ donations, all of whom perform valuable services to society, all of whom have large families who depend on them, and all of whom will soon die unless organ donors are found. Cecilia also volunteers in a community clinic once a month. One day while she is alone there, Jeb walks in. Jeb is new in town, has no friends or family, no job, no place to live, and is a high-school dropout. He asks to be given a routine physical examination. As Cecilia analyzes his blood sample, she realizes that Jeb is an excellent tissue match for the four people who need organs (they all need different organs, so Jeb by himself has the organs that could save them). Assume that Cecilia has exactly two choices of action: Allow Jeb to leave the clinic, and let the four people die; Kill Jeb, harvest his organs, and save the four people (assume she can do this without getting caught). Which action would produce the best consequences if one million doctors in roughly the same situation were to perform it?

33. Against consequentialism Complexity Backward-looking obligations Justice

34. Defenses: Examples calculate consequences wrongly Rejection of moral intuitions as standard Overgeneralizing Rule utilitarianism Problem of exceptions to rule