1. Slide 1 Stimulus (input) Receptors (sensory neurons) Integrators (interneurons) motor neurons Effectors (muscles, glands) Response (output) Figure 13.1b Page 223

2. Slide 2 dendrites cell body Trigger Zone Input Zone Conducting Zone Output Zone axon axon endings Figure 13.2d Page 224

3. Slide 3 lipid bilayer of neuron’s plasma membrane Interstitial Fluid Cytoplasm K + /Na + pumpchannel proteins, continually open channel proteins with voltage-sensitive gates Figure 13.3 Page 225

4. Slide 4 interstitial fluid cytoplasm Figure 13.5a Page 226

5. Slide 5 Na + Figure 13.5b Page 226

6. Slide 6 Na + K+K+ K+K+ K+K+ Figure 13.5c Page 227

7. Slide 7 Na + K+K+ K+K+ K+K+ K+K+ Figure 13.5d Page 227

8. Slide 8 electrode inside axon electrode outside axonno change in voltage registers on oscilloscope screen unstimulated axon recording of voltage change 0 0 stimulated axon Figure 13.6a,b Page 227

9. Slide 9 Figure 13.6c Page 227 action potential threshold resting membrane potential Time (milliseconds) Membrane potential (millivolts) -40 -70 -20 0 +20 0 1 23 4 5

10. Slide 10 plasma membrane of axon ending of presynaptic cell synaptic vesicle membrane receptor for neurotransmitter plasma membrane of receiving cell Figure 13.7a Page 228

11. Slide 11 ions neurotransmitter molecule receptor for neurotransmitter gated channel protein Figure 13.7c Page 228

12. Slide 12 Motor end plate gapaxon ending muscle cell membrane Figure 13.8 Page 229

13. Slide 13 blood vessels nerve’s outer wrapping nerve fascicle axon myelin sheath Figure 13.10 Page 230

14. Slide 14 axon unsheathed node “jellyrolled” Schwann cells Figure 13.11a Page 230

15. Slide 15 action potentialresting potential Na + K+K+ action potentialresting potentialresting potential restored Fig. 13.11b,c Page 230

16. Slide 16 axon ending receptor endings peripheral axon cell body axon axon endings dendrites Interneuron Motor Neuron Sensory Neuron Figure 13.12a Page 231

17. Slide 17 Response: biceps contracts spinal cord muscle spindle sensory neuron motor neuron Stimulus: biceps stretches Stepped Art Figure 13.12b Page 231

18. Slide 18 brain cranial nerves spinal cord ulnar nerve lumbar nerves sacral nerves coccygeal nerves cervical nerves thoracic nerves sciatic nerve Figure 13.13 Page 232

19. Slide 19 Central Nervous System brain spinal cord sensory nervesaxons of motor nerves somatic subdivision (motor functions) autonomic subdivision (visceral functions) sympathetic Peripheral Nervous System parasympathetic Figure 13.14 Page 233

20. Slide 20 eyes salivary glands heart larynx bronchi lungs stomach liver spleen pancreas kidneys adrenal glands small intestine upper colon lower colon rectum bladder uterus genitals most ganglia near spinal cord ganglia in organs midbrain medulla oblongata cervical nerves thoracic nerves lumbar nerves sacral nerves sympatheticparasympathetic Figure 13.15 Page 234

21. Slide 21 spinal cord ganglion nerve vertebra meninges (protective coverings) Figure 13.16a Page 235

22. Slide 22 frontal lobe primary motor cortex primary somatosensory cortex parietal lobe temporal lobe occipital lobe Figure 13.20 Page 239

23. Slide 23 Figure 13.21 Page 239

24. Slide 24 sensory stimuli temporary storage in the cerebral cortex Short-term memory Long-term memory Emotional state, having time to repeat (or rehearse) input, and associating the input with stored categories of memory influence transfer to long-term storage Recall of stored input Input irretrievable Input forgotten Figure 13.23 Page 240

25. Slide 25 0123456 Time (seconds) alertness relaxation (alpha rhythm) sleep coma drowsiness Figure 13.25 Page 241

26. Slide 26 muscle spindle extensor muscle of knee (quadriceps femoris) reflex arcmotor neuron patellar tendon

27. Slide 27 Figure 14.4 Page 250

28. Slide 28 free nerve endingsPacinian corpuscle Ruffini endings bulb of Krause Meisner’s corpuscle Figure 14.5 Page 251

29. Slide 29 lungs,diaphragm heart liver, gallbladder pancreas small intestine ovaries colon appendix urinary bladder kidney ureter stomach Figure 14.6 Page 251

30. Slide 30 taste buds ending of taste receptor Figure 14.7c,d Page 252

31. Slide 31 olfactory tract from receptors to the brain olfactory bulb bony plate olfactory receptor cell body Figure 14.8 Page 253

32. Slide 32 middle ear and inner ear outer ear Figure 14.9a Page 254

33. Slide 33 hair cell in organ of Corti tectorial membrane lumen of cochlear duct basilar membrane lumen of scala tympani to auditory nerve scala vestibuli cochlear duct scala tympani Figure 14.9d,e Page 255

34. Slide 34 sclera choroid iris lens pupil cornea aqueous humor ciliary muscle vitreous humor retina fovea optic disk part of optic nerve Figure 14.12 Page 258

35. Slide 35 rod cell stacked, pigmented membranes cone cell Figure 14.15 Page 260

36. Slide 36 ganglion cell bipolar cell rod cone amacrine cell horizontal cell pigmented epithelium to optic nerve Fig. 14.16 (1) Page 261

37. Slide 37