2. Optoelectronic Device and Fiber Link Characterization in Computer Integrated Electronics Laboratory ASEE 2007 Annual Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, June 24-27, 2007 Honolulu, Hawaii, June 24-27, 2007 Mustafa G. Guvench

3. Abstract It is shown that, with minimal additional investment in an Optical Spectrum Analyzer and a Thermo Stream temperature controller, light sources, such as LASER diodes, LEDs, incandescent and discharge lamps, and detectors, such as photodiodes and solar cells, and optoelectronic combinations of them, like Optical Isolators and Optical Fiber Links can be measured and characterized for their electrical, opto- electrical and spectral characteristics and SPICE equivalent parameters in a standard Computer- Integrated-Electronics laboratory.

4. Introduction & Background Computer-Integrated-Electronics Laboratory established with grants from N.S.F. l Integrates PC with Electronic Test Bench Equipment l Therefore facilitates automated electronic tests and measurements and provides in-situ Math, Design and Simulation tools (Mathematica, PSpice, L-Edit, …) l Courses served: Electronics I & II, Analog & Digital CMOS VLSI, Silicon I.C. Microfabrication, Senior Design Projects

5. Computer-Integrated-Electronics Laboratory The Computer Integrated Electronics Laboratory Workstation

6. SPICE Verification of Designs and Automated Frequency Response Tests in the Computer- Integrated-Electronics Laboratory Measured P-N Junction Diode I-V Characteristics Extraction of SPICE Parameters from Diode Measurements.

7. Device Measurements in the Computer- Integrated-Electronics Laboratory Measured JFET Drain Chs. Measured and SPICE Modeled JFET Transfer Chs. Measured BJT Collector Chs. Measured P-N Junction Diode I-V Characteristics Extraction of SPICE Parameters from Diode Measurements. Measured MOS C-V Characteristics

8. CMOS Analog I.C. Design in the Computer Integrated Electronics Laboratory Design of Operational Amplifiers MOSIS Fabricated Multi-Project Chip

9. Need New course introduced: Optoelectronics l Lecture-only l Contents: Principles of Optics, Optical Fibers, Semiconductor Devices, Photodetectors and Solar Cells, Light Emitters including LASERS, Spectral and Electrical Properties and Applications l Textbook: Kasap, S.O., "Optoelectronics and Photonics", Prentice Hall 2001 Need: In-Class Demos and Hands on Experiments No Resources

10. Added to C.I.E. Lab. 1. A High Resolution Optical Spectrometer: Ocean Optics Model HR-2000CG-UV-NIR USB l 0.1 nm resolution l Optical Fiber Input l USB interface powered and Portable 2. A Temperature Controlled Device Test Chamber: Thermo-Stream Model AM-003 l Optically Transparent Glass Chamber l Heated/Cooled Dry Air Supply with Temperature Control l -70C < T < +120C

11. Temperature Controlled Optoelectronic Device Test Chamber

12. Optoelectronic Device Automated I-V Measurement Setup Schematic Diagram of the Optoelectronic Device Automated Measurement Setup

13. Measured I-V Characteristics of Various Optoelectronic Light Emitters

14. Measured I-V Characteristics of P-N Junction Emitters Plotted for SPICE Parameter Extraction of IS, N, RS

15. Measured I-V Characteristics of an Orange LED and its Response to Ambient Temperature

16. Measured Current Transfer Characteristics of an Orange LED–Silicon PhotoCell Optocouple and its Response to Ambient Temperature

17. Optical Power Output vs Electrical Power Input Characteristics of an Orange LED as a Function of Ambient Temperature

18. Measured I-V Characteristics of a Miniature Incandescent Light Bulb and its Response to Ambient Temperature

19. Measured Spectral Emission Characteristics of Various LEDs and a LASER Diode and an Incandescent Lamp

20. Measured Spectral Emission Characteristics of a Red LED and its Response to Ambient Temperature

21. NSC-USM SOLAR CELL Finished Solar Cell Cross Section

22. 400W Metal Halide + 2x 300W Quartz Halogen = Sun on 8” Wafer. Our Solar Simulator

23. Solar Simulator Results

24. Conclusions With minimal additional investment in an Optical Spectrum Analyzer and a Thermo Stream temperature controller, it was shown that light sources, such as LASER diodes, LEDs, incandescent and discharge lamps, and detectors, such as photodiodes and solar cells, and optoelectronic combinations of them, like Optical Isolators and Optical Fiber Links can be measured and characterized for their electrical, opto-electrical and spectral characteristics and SPICE equivalent parameters in a Computer-Integrated-Electronics laboratory. The measurements reported here were successfully incorporated into a lecture-only course on Optoelectronics to enhance and supplement the theoretical background built in the course.

25. Acknowledgements Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation, USM Technology Grant Ocean Optics Inc. Grant match National Science Foundation (USE 905 1602 ) ASEE 2007 Annual Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, June 24-27, 2007 Honolulu, Hawaii, June 24-27, 2007

26. THANK YOU Mustafa G. Guvench ASEE 2007 Annual Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii, June 24-27, 2007 Honolulu, Hawaii, June 24-27, 2007

27. The Measurement System Schematic Drawing of the High-Current Solar-Cell Test Set up

28. Design, Fabrication and Testing of Solar Cells (National Semiconductor)

29. Table 2.3 LED Type Current (mA)Wavelength (λ) Bandgap (eV) Green30 mA5.6337E-072.2025 Orange15.3 mA6.2353E-071.9900 Blue1.88 mA4.74E-072.6178 White15.2 mA5.5028E-072.2549 Yellow20.0 mA5.9261E-072.0938 Red13.0 mA6.4763E-071.9159 Infrared36.4 mA9.4031E-071.3196 (GaA s) Equation 2.3: Eg = (hc)/(eλ)

30. Solar Simulator Results In the final form, the radiation intensity was tested and found to be within +/- 10% up to 8 inch diameter and much better (+/-3%) for a smaller 6 inch diameter wafers. 24681012 2 4 6 8 10 12 Purple Circle shows our 200mm wafer within 80% range. Considering a solar intensity = 100mW/cm2 Silicon solar is expected to generate 20mA/cm2 8inch wafer = 1 Si Solar Cell = >6A Photo Current

31. Presentation Overview Introduction and Background Goals The Solar Cell Test Setup: Design, Features & Results The Solar Simulator: The USM-NSC Solar Cell Design Results Conclusions