1. Notes on Southeast Asia Section 7.4

2. Europeans Carve out areas of influence in Southeast Asia Goals – Expand Trade – Acquire raw materials – Christianize

3. Portugal Controlled spice trade around islands in Southeast Asia Spread Catholicism Many natives resented Portuguese disregard for native culture and traditions.

4. Spain They colonize the Philippines because it was an excellent location for trade between Asia and Americas. A Datus, or local ruler, pledged loyalty to Spain in return for keeping their regional power. Most Filipino’s converted to Catholicism.

5. Dutch Broke Portuguese dominance of the Spice Trade. They had more success because they only wanted to trade, not Christianize the natives Their only goal was trade Received trading rights in Java for helping locals rulers put down rebellion Helped get English out of Indonesia

6. France Latecomers to exploration in Southeast Asia beginning around 1860s Jesuits convert many natives to Christianity They control Vietnam and Indochina

7. Thai Kingdom

8. Trailok (1448-1488) King of Ayutthaya Set up strong central government with separate civil and military branches Required officials to live in the capital so he could oversee their work Set up a class system- all people got land but higher you were in rank, the more land you received Europeans had not yet begun exploration during his rule

9. Phraya Chakri (1782-1809) General who became king when rebels took over Taskin rulers He moved the capital city to Bangkok Established the dynasty that still rules Thailand He was known as the King of Siam Maintained policy of isolation from Europeans

10. King Mongkut (1851-1868) Makes European nations compete for trade rights Felt western trade is a positive influence Wants to modernize his kingdom Encouraged people to study science and European languages Struggled with the idea of how much change the kingdom should make

11. Chulalongkorn (1868-1910) Continued his fathers’ goals of modernizing the kingdom Ended slavery Encouraged his people to study abroad Built railways and roads

12. How the Thai Kingdom avoided European Conquest and Colonization

13. Had a well-established kingdom Mid 1400s Early kings developed strong religious traditions based on Buddhism and Hinduism Maintained a strong central government Required Government officials to live in the palace with the king Set up a rigid class system Banned all Europeans who tried to colonize in 1688 (Dutch and some Portuguese were allowed to remain as long as they just wanted to trade) Thai Kingdom would remain closed to Europeans until 1826