2. European Explorations Glory, God, & Gold

3. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Explorers Conquistadores Missionaries Permanent Settlers Official European Colony!

5. Three Types of Colonies Differences resulting from economic basis Slave plantation economies – Caribbean, Brazil, some in southern North America Settler agricultural economies – Northern North America Ranching/mining economies – former Aztec and Inca lands

6. The Colonial Class System PeninsularesPeninsulares CreolesCreoles MestizosMestizosMulattosMulattos Native Indians Black Slaves

7. Ethnic Composition in Colonial Latin America (1825) Spanish AmericaBrazil European18.2%23.4% Mixed-race28.3%17.8% African11.9%49.8% Native American41.7%9.1%

8. Destination of Slaves in 1700s British North America6% (348,000) Spanish America10% (578,600) Caribbean53% (3, 233,700) Brazil31%(1,891,400)

9. Class/Gov’t Structure Spanish born = most elite Wealthy colonials = powerful Large, intrusive gov’t bureaucracy = Council of the Indies Influences of Africans, Amerindians, and Europe blended to form new cultures = syncretism! Little female immigration = more fluid social classes!

10. The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church Guadalajara Cathedral Guadalajara Cathedral Our Lady of Guadalupe Our Lady of Guadalupe Spanish Mission Spanish Mission

11. Catholic influence = extremely strong Richest institution in Latin Am. Undercurrents of native religions remained

12. Father Bartolome de Las Casas New Laws --> 1542 Attempted to stop the exploitation of Indians

13. Potosi silver mine, Bolivia Encomienda/Mita labor systems used to force extraction Silver shipped through Spanish Philippines to purchase Asian luxury goods Monarchy tried to stop that practice…why?

14. Examples of Native American & Slave Resistance In many areas, Amerindians secretly kept up their own religious practices – Maya areas were persecuted by the Catholic viceroy after a cave of their gods was found – Incas attempted to preserve the mummies of their emperors. These also were destroyed Armed rebellions - Palmares, a small independent state of escaped-slaves

15. Silver Peso Standard World currency

16. Treasures from the Americas!