1. The Conquest of Africa
Africa

2. Europeans on the Coast
The Atlantic Slave trade began in the 1500s and ended in the late 1800s.
N. Africa Europeans traded for gold from the empires of Ghana and Mali and for salt from the Sahara
After 1500 Europe began as trade equals, but it turned into the enslavement and forced migration of millions of Africans.

3. Europeans on the Coast The African slave trade ended in the 1800s
Europeans wanted Africa’s natural resources
By 1900, European countries had divided Africa among themselves
In the 1400s, Portuguese explorers began exploring the coast of W. Africa.

4. Europeans on the Coast
They wanted to trade directly for W. African gold and ivory, instad of dealing with N. African merchants.
They also wanted to trade with Asia
Portuguese used a lateen sail (a triangle-shaped sail designed in N. Africa.
Lateen sail allowed ships to sail against the wind as well as with it.
Astrolabe—helped sailors naivigate at sea
Portuguese sailors became the first Europeans to travel south along Africa’s coasts

5. Europeans on the Coast
1st both Africans and Europeans traded together as equals.
Africans traded gold, cotton, ivory, skins, metal objects, and pepper.
Europeans traded copper, brass, and clothing.
Europeans brought corn, cassava, and yams from the Americas
Some Africans became Christians

6. Europeans on the Coast
1498—three Portuguese ships rounded the tip of Southern Africa and sailed north along Africa’s east coast
The wealth of the e. African city-states amazed the Portuguese
More ships followed to seize the riches of the city-states
Portugal controlled trad3 on E. Africa’s coast until the 1600s

7. Europeans on the Coast
The Dutch, French, and English soon followed the Portuguese
They set up trading posts along Africa’s coasts
The Dutch built a trading post on the cape of Good Hope at Africa’s southern tip
Settlers arrived, moved inland, building homes and farms

8. The African Slave Trade
Slvery was common in Africa
Slaves usually won their freedom after a few years
Some became important citizens among the people who had enslaved them
Slaves could be bough out of slavery by their own people.

9. The Atlantic Slave Trade
European powers began to build colonies in North and South America
Practiced a new type of slavery there
Europeans treated slaves like property
Freedom in the future was out of the question
African slave trade did not end until the 1800s
The Demand for Slaves
Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch settlers in the Americas needed workers for their plantations and mines

10. The Atlantic Slave Trade
First they enslaved Native Americans, but many Native Americans became sick and died from diseases or brutal working conditions—others ran away
Europeans started to import enslaved Africans
They thought Africans would make good slaves
Africa’s climate was similar to that of the Americas
Africans were skilled farmers, miners, and metal workers.
Africans did not know the territory, so it would be impossible for them to escape.

11. The Atlantic Slave Trade
By the 1600s, Portuguese traders were trading goods for African slaves
Some African groups refused to join the trade
Other groups sold slaves captured during battles

12. The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Horror of Slavery
Captured Africans were branded with hot irons
In slave ships captives lay side by side on filthy shelves stacked from floor to ceiling.
They got little food or water on the journey across the Atlantic
20% of the slaves died during each crossing.
To make up for the losses, ships’ captains packed in more people

13. The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Effects of Slavery on Africa
Some Africans grew wealthy from the slave trade
The lave trade was a diaster for W. Africa
The region lost more than a large number of its population to slavery
Robbed f their families and their skilled workers, many African societies were torn apart.

14. Europeans Carve Up Africa
After the slave trade ended, Europeans started to carve up Africa
They wanted the resources
They saw Africa as a place to build empires
Africans fiercely resisted
Africans cheap guns were no competition to the first automatic machine gun.

15. Europeans Carve Up Africa
Europeans competed with each other to gain African territory
1884, leaders of several European countries met in the German city of Berlin
Set rules for how European countries could claim African land
1900– European nations had colonized many parts of Africa

16. Europeans Carve Up Africa
Not all European countries ruled their colonies the same way
Belgian government directly rant the Belgian Congo (Dem. Republic of Congo now)
Nigeria was run by Africans who took orders from British officials
African people had little power in government.

17. Europeans Carve Up Africa
Europeans gained power by encouraging Africans to fight each other.
Europeans took the best land to farm
Forced Africans to labor under terrible conditions
Drew new political boundaries which divided some ethnic groups and forced differing groups together.