1. Spanish Conquest of the Americas European Exploration of the New World

2. Age of Exploration Advances in science & technology during the Renaissance & Reformation caused questioning & exploration 1200s Marco Polo traveled from Italy to China 1400s Prince Henry of Portugal set up a school & naval observatory; sponsored voyages in Atlantic Ocean & Africa

3. Marco Polo’s Voyages

4. Spanish Conquest of the Americas European powers rivaled each other for control of new lands Primarily Spain & Portugal Spain claimed the Americas (except Brazil) King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella sent Christopher Columbus to explore

6. WHY? The 3 “G’s” God To Christianize & “Civilize” Gold For riches (gold & spices) Glory Competition, power, prestige And Asia Faster route to Asia to bypass middle merchants

8. HOW? Technology/ weapons Horses & guns vs. bow & arrow Disease Wiped out & weakened population Smallpox killed 90% Allies Played tribes of one another with alliances Trickery Made treaties with tribes but lacked enforcement

9. SIGNIFICANCE Completely altered Latin American civilization Politically: foreign control (gov’t) Economically: dependent econ (single crop) Socially/culturally: social structure by race, ethnicity; forced labor Americas connected to Eurasia (New World to Old World) Pacific Connections Cultural Exchange (Columbian Exchange)

10. COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE Diffusion (exchange) of plants, animals, disease, ideas among Europeans, Native Americans & later Africans From New World: Beans, cocoa, corn, peanuts, potatoes, pumpkins, squash, tobacco, tomatoes, turkey From Europe: Bananas, cattle, citrus fruits, disease, grain, grapes, horses, peaches, pears, pigs, sugarcane

11. Effects of Columbian Exchange? Positive EffectsNegative Effects

12. Review Using short answer format, respond to the following questions: 1.In your opinion, what was the most significant motive for European conquest? 2.In your opinion, what was the most effective technology used in European conquest? 3.In your opinion, was the Columbian Exchange more positive or negative overall? Consider short- & long-term effects.