1. DOMESTIC POLITICS AND FOREIGN POLICY IN THE FRENCH SECOND EMPIRE Dec 1851 Louis Napoleon’s coup d’etat 1854/55Crimean War 1859War with Austria; France captures Saigon 1860France joins Britain in the conquest of Beijing 1861-67The Mexican adventure 1866 But France does NOTHING as Prussia defeats Austria & transforms the balance of power 1868 Napoleon III restores a free press, freedom of association, and free elections 1869France experiences massive strike wave

2. Daumier, “The Fugitives” (ca. 1868): At least 100,000 French republicans rose up against Louis Napoleon’s coup in December 1851, of whom 500 were killed, and 10,000 deported to Algeria

3. Napoleon III sought tirelessly to make himself popular: “The Emperor Distributes Aid to the Flood Victims of Lyons,” 1856

4. NAPOLEON III MADE A SHOW OF CATHOLIC PIETY Notre Dame de la Garde, overlooking Marseilles, built in 1853 Bronze Madonna & Child in the Massif Central, made from Russian cannon

5. “Empress Eugénie Surrounded by her Ladies of Honor” (1855): The aristocratic Spanish beauty married Napoleon III in 1853

6. Napoleon III liberalized trade policy and the laws on banking and joint stock corporations: RAILROAD NET (in kilometers) 18401850186018701910 Germany4695,85611,08918,87661,209 France4972,9159,16715,54440,484 POPULATION OF PARIS 1800: 550,000 1850: 1,000,000 1880: 2,000,000

7. OUTPUT OF PIG IRON AND HARD COAL (metric tons) YEARFRANCEGERMANY IronCoalIronCoal 18302661,8631101,700 18403483,0031903,200 18504064,4342105,100 18608988,30452912,348 18701,17813,3301,26126,398* * Note that the Kingdom of Prussia privatized its coal mines around 1860.

8. The “Hausmannization” of Paris (1861)

9. Pissarro, “Avenue de l’Opera: Morning Sunshine” (1898)

10. THE FRENCH CONQUEST OF ALGERIA, 1830-1870 The lands in pink were gained under Napoleon III

11. “Grateful Italy” (sent in 1862 by the women of Milan to Empress Eugénie)

12. Napoleon III ordered the occupation of Saigon in 1859; in 1860 French troops joined the British in the 2 nd Opium War

13. One of the Dagu Forts outside Beijing, destroyed by the British & French in 1860

14. The War Between the States, 1861-65

15. The Merrimac vs. the Monitor (i.e., Battle of Hampton Roads, March 8/9, 1862)

16. Benito Juarez, descended of the Zapotec people, Governor of Oaxaca, Liberal President of Mexico, 1858-72, victor by Dec. 1860 in the War of Reform Why did Napoleon III conclude that he was an unpopular tyrant?

17. “Napoleon III, crossing the American Continent on his Mexican Mule” (Harper’s Weekly, March 7, 1863) 7,000 French troops had suffered an embarrassing defeat at Puebla on May 5, 1862

18. “General Bazaine Attacks Fort San-Xavier during the Siege of Puebla, March 29, 1863” (the final assault)

19. “Execution of the Emperor Maximilian, Queretaro, June 19, 1867

20. “A Scene from Goethe’s Faust is performed in Paris, Kladderadatsch, June 29, 1862 Mephisto chants to the sleeping Ambassador Bismarck: “You are not the man to bind the Devil! “Entrance him with sweet dreams. “Sink him in a sea of illusion!”

21. “A Student of Statecraft Takes Leave of His Master to Set Up Shop on His Own,” Kladderadatsch, 19 October 1862. Napoleon III to Ambassador Bismarck: “Show them that one can learn a lot from me!”