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Published byShanna Fitzgerald Modified over 9 years ago
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1. Why did Mendoza become a missionary? 2. What happened to the mission above the falls?
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Decline of 90% by the end of the 16th C. How did this collapse affect the colonies?
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African Slavery to replace Native Population Concentrated in Caribbean and Brazil 1513-1850: over 11 million people
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11 million people enslaved Used to be 15 million, recently revised down Patrick Manning: 12 million slaves entered Atlantic trade from 16th and 19th century About 1.5 million died on board ships About 10.5 million slaves arrived in Americas In addition to Middle Passage, 4 million died inside Africa after capture, and many more died young Manning's estimate covers the 12 million who were originally destined for the Atlantic, as well as the 6 million destined for Asian slave markets and the 8 million destined for African markets
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1. Land and Labor: Encomienda System: grant of indigenous tribute and labor, not land After 16th C, established haciendas, large landed family farms Repartimiento: forced purchase of goods by natives
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North Central New Spain at Zacatecas and Guanajuato Upper Peru at Potosi Mine of Huancavelica in the PeruvianAndes Brazil Brazil: Minas Gerais
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Local production developed and flourished in 17th C Wine, Sugarcane Mules Textiles Cochineal Henequen Beef jerkey and Hides
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1. Strict control over female choice and sexuality purity of blood 2. Outright exploitation of indigenous and African Women 3. Tightly controlled in castes See Chasteen, 78-80
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Discussion What were the principal conflicts in this film? What did you learn about the Colonial Period?
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Chasteen, Blood and Fire, Ch. 3 What pushed Americanos towards independ.? Describe the Patriot’s winning strategy. How did it work? Bartolome, Ch. 4 How did the conquests of Mexico and Peru Affect Las Casas’ lobby in Spain? What is “Obedezco pero no cumplo” (95) -Who was Domingo de Betanzos? (98) How did Pizarro’s conquest affect Las Casas?
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Conflict: Extraction of labor and resources involved coercion vs. conversion Lewis Hanke, Spanish Struggle for Justice in the Conquest of America: “No other European people, before or since the conquest of America, plunged into such a struggle for justice as developed among Spaniards shortly after the discovery of America and persisted throughout the sixteenth century.”
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Four examples of people who struggled to make Their system more equitable 1. Antonio de Montesinos -Dominican Friar on Hispaniola, who Sunday before Christmas, 1511 preached first public protest against ill treatment of Indians by Spaniards (Las Casas, p. 40-45)
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In 1600, a dissatisfied and acculturated Indian from Peru wrote letter to the Spanish monarchs, 1200 pages in length, etchings depicting abuses of the Spanish Colonial system
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-Stinging criticism of injustices of her day “Which deserves the sterner blame, though each will be a sinner: She who becomes a whore for pay, or he who pays to win her?”
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Dominican, helped in conquest of Cuba, owned slaves Ecclesiastes, Chapter 34 “Those who sacrificeth of a thing wrongfully gotten, their offering is ridiculous, and the gifts of the unjust are not accepted.” Wrote Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the IndiesResults of his work?
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Colonial Latin America: Economic and Social What have you learned today?
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Historian Lewis Hanke The Spanish Struggle for Justice in the Conquest of the Americas Primary vs. Secondary Documents?
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